Luxury Brand Marketing Essay Example for Free

Luxury Brand Marketing Essay While the word ‘luxury’ is used in daily lives to refer to certain lifestyle, the underlying construct’s definition is consumer and situation specific. If you earn less than 15000 a month, a pair of reebok shoes would be a really big luxury item for you. On the other hand, if you are going to a party with some big-wigs a $100,000 car may not be a luxury. The word luxury originates from the Latin term â€Å"luxus† signifying, â€Å"soft or extravagant living, indulgence, sumptuousness or opulence† The meaning of luxury is extremely subjective and multidimensional in nature. It depends on dimension such as high price, high quality, uniqueness, exclusivity etc. What is a luxury product? In economic terms, luxury products are those who can consistently command and justify a higher price than products with comparable functions and similar quality. In marketing term, luxury products are those who can deliver emotional benefits which is hard to match by comparable products. The luxury sector targets its products and services at consumers on the top-end of the wealth spectrum. These self-selected elite are more or less price insensitive and choose to spend their time and money on objects that are plainly opulence rather than necessities. For these reasons, luxury and prestige brands have for centuries commanded an unwavering and often illogical customer loyalty. Luxury and prestige brands such as Rolex, Louis Vuitton and Cartier represent the highest form of craftsmanship and command a staunch consumer loyalty that is not affected by trends. These brands create and set the seasonal trends and are also capable to pulling all of their consumers with them wherever they go. Premium brands are those brands like Polo Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger that aspire to be luxury and prestige brands but their marketing mix strategies are more attuned to a mass market, albeit a luxury mass market. They are also termed as mass-premium brands or mass-luxury brands. Fashion brands on the other hand are those that address the masses. Strategies for Luxury Marketing There are conventional foundations for ensuring success of a brand and they are listed below in brief : 1. The brand must be â€Å"expansive†. Which means it should be full of innovation opportunities for the marketer and in terms of satisfying the divergent needs of the luxury consumer 2. The brand must tell a story It is this story, of either heritage or performance or other aspects that goes on to build the aura of a brand over time. The story always accentuates the identity of the brand. 3. The brand must be relevant to the consumers’ needs Depending upon the mindset of the luxury class, it is imperative for a brand to satisfy those needs, whether they be for recognition or functional use etc. 4. The brand must align with consumers’ values A brand that does not concur with the basic values of a consumer’s society has a small chance of succeeding because luxury items are forms of expression or identification for a luxury consumer. This makes it difficult for the consumer to adopt the brand in such cases. 5. The brand must perform Irrespective of which category the brand belongs to, a performance assurance is a must for the brand if it wishes to be in the evoked set of luxury consumers, considering the price being paid for luxury. LUXURY brand marketing CONCEPTS: Socialite as a Conductor In 2006, when Christian Dior chose Chawla as its spokesperson, everyone was shocked some secretly jealous. Chawlas association: to be the face of the brand, be seen in Dior in the right circles, host events attended by the right people and generally hobnob with the circle that she already moves in. The money details are not clear people in the circuit and in the luxury industry say its part financial, part goodies. But it might be working. Chawla says, Dior has done incredibly well with a consistent rise in sales. It is the most visible brand in India with the highest recall value in terms of marketing strategies implemented. Socialites being signed up for a fashion brand is not new, at least not in the West, says former fashion editor and luxury specialist Sujata Assomull-Sippy. She mentions Armanis 19-year-old association with British semi-royal and socialite Lady Helen Taylor that started when he designed her wedding gown in 1992. The association ended in 2009. Taylor, who was also the face for Bulgari, gave a sigh of relief and was glad to give up her uniform. Six years hence, Chawla is nowhere close to hanging up her Dior couture. The Mohan for Gucci buzz has engendered new aspirations in the circuit that goes beyond the hostess or the grander-sounding luxury consultant tags. The socialite is becoming more important in a luxury brands marketing strategy as she pulls in the right kind of crowd, says Priya Sachdev, creative director for TSG International Marketing that has brought brands like YSL, Diane von Furstenberg to India. Nichevertising Brand consultant and strategist Harish Bijoor of Harish Bijoor Consults loftily terms it nichevertise vs massvertise. According to him the luxury brands are not for mass consumption and shouldnt be mass advertised. The social circuit gives them a fresh channel to reach out to their target audience without any noise. The socialite model of marketing targets the guest lists minus the hard sell, he says. Personal voice- distinct style Every luxury brand needs to develop a marketing strategy that not only helps them achieve their marketing goals, but is also in line with their brand. For example, while it makes sense for Christopher Bailey from Burberry to update the Burberry Facebook page with short videos he makes or music he supports, the same type of strategy might not work for someone like Bentley or Rolex. Bijoor says that for luxury brands, sell is a four-letter word and not just literally and thats why they aim at buy. Luxury brands like to be bought, not sold, he says. Sell is a top-down strategy which involves an element of shout you asking consumers to consider you. Buy, instead, is a pull-oriented strategy. Luxury brands love pull not push, he explains. This is ideal for the socialite marketing where the conversation with the brand is more visual and not aural.

Development of Management Strategy for Growing Company

Development of Management Strategy for Growing Company Introduction Nowadays technologies are growing so fast that if we will not be able to adopt them in time, than our company becomes non-competitive. This project was done with an aim to apply gained knowledges in engineering and management course, to analyse how selected firm can be developed from engineering and management sides. Engineering studies will help from the one hand to apply engineering knowledges, but from the other hand to get known new technologies and how they make our life better. Universities experience in management and marketing studies will help to do analyses of rival companies and make clear how companys management can be improved or adopted from existing successful companies. There are two important processes in building construction, foundation and roof. Both constructions are equally important for building wellbeing. Foundation need to be designed and build up right in the beginning of construction, but roof need to be carry during all buildings life period. It means that roofs are every sequenced time of period that depends on material, need to be overlaid or repaired. On this theory was born projects engineering part. For projects object was selected a construction firm that focused on roof construction, its technologies and sheet metal works. By exploring roofing market will be determined its growing technologies with an aim to adopt them to selected firm. Exploring major roofing companies management, will help to improve chosen firm current way of management. Generally this project is based on roof technologies, management marketing research. Gained experience will be applied to chosen firm development in all directions. Aim Develop management strategy for a small company. Objectives 1. Literature review of management prescriptive strategy development: * Analysis of environment * Analysis of resources * Development of companys vision, mission and objective * Types of management strategies 2. Choose a company with an aim to apply management strategy 3. Literature review of chosen company 4. Develop management strategy to the chosen company 5. Develop additional management improvements 6. Conclusion Strategic Management Essence of Strategic Management According to the Emergent view there are strategist that suggest that it is hard to predict future and strategy need to be more dynamic with an element of risk. The Prescriptive view Strategic management is about defining a purpose and plans of organisation and work out the actions to achieve desired purposes. The essence of Strategic Management consist from two levels that are shown in Figure 1 and described below : * General corporate level Decision making process depends from in what type of business company belong. The leadership and culture of corporation are very important strategy management. * Individual business level Decision making process generally based on competing for customers, generating value from tangible and intangible business resources and focus on resources that can bring competitive advantage. Strategy is about relations of internal capabilities and external relationships. Figure 1 Essence of Strategic Management (Lynch, p5, 2010) (Lynch, p5, 2010) Approaches to Strategic Management There are exist two different approaches to strategy: Prescriptive and Emergent approach. The prescriptive approach Approach is based on idea that future is predictable and strategy development begins from Where-we-are now and all objectives and steps how implement ideas are developed. The prescriptive theory have three core areas: Strategic analysis, Strategic development and Strategy implementation. All three areas are closely related sequentially. The prescriptive strategy development process shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 The prescriptive strategic process (Lynch, p19, 2010) The emergent approach Approach is based on view that strategy emerges and developed during further period of time based on unpredictable environment. The final objective of emergent approach is unclear and objectives are developed during its realisation. Strategic analysis, Strategic development and Strategy implementation are interrelated. But because strategy is implemented by improvisation and allow mistakes, it is not need to make clear distinction in development and implementation phases. The prescriptive strategy development process shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 The emergent strategic process (Lynch, p19, 2010) Analysis of Environment Analysis of environment is a research of everything and everyone in external environment. It includes suppliers, customers, competitors, government, technologies etc. There are exist nine different tools how environment can be analysed and they are shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Environment analysis tools (Lynch, p74, 2010) Environment basics There are three basic things that should be analysed: * Market definition and size Question need to be asked in this area is What is the size of market?. It is important to know market size because it will help to design strategy objectives. Market size usually shown in annual sales.  · Market growth After establishing market definition and size need to evaluate how much the market has grown in particular period of time, usually in a year. Market growth rate will influence strategy objectives. Organization that would like to grow quickly will be interested in fast growing market  · Market share It can be defined as ratio of all sales in a market that is detained by particular company. There are different ways how market share can be measured, but most important of them are Sales revenue and Sales volume. (tutor2u) (Lynch, p79, 2010) Degree of turbulence It is important to evaluate external conditions of organisation, specially dynamic of environment. In strategy environment will have high degree of turbulence it will be hard to apply analytical techniques. Environmental forces that influence organisation: * Changeability Degree of environment changeability that shows rate how external factors likely to change. Changeability splits further in such factors: o Complexity Degree of complexity of such factors as internationalisation, technological, social and political. o Novelty Degree of how often new situations influence environment. * Predictability Degree of how changeable environment is predictable. Predictability is subdivided in two categories: o Rate of change How fast environment changes. Usually rated from slow to fast. o Visibility of future Based on previous experience determine how predictable is future. Figure 5. Dynamics of environment. (Lynch, p81, 2010) After doing analysis of factors above will be possible see how stable will be strategy for particular environment. In predictable environment with low turbulence can be used prescriptive approach. In case of high turbulence better to use Emergent approach because of high rate of change where designed objectives can lose their value in short period of time. PESTEL analysis PESTEL is checklist type analysis that is widely used to analyse environment in different directions. Analysis rely on past experience and events that after listing can be used to forecast future or apply them on company improvement design. Factors that need to be discovered in PESTEL analysis:  · Political: o Government policy o Regulations  · Economical o World trends o GDP o Inflation o Unemployment o Energy costs  · Social o Changes in lifestyle o Demographic o Customer demand o Population o Culture  · Technological o Patents and products o Technology development o Speed and change of technologies o Innovations  · Environmental o Public opinion o Green issues o Recyclability o Renewable energy  · Legacy o Law o Health and Safety (Lynch, p82, 2010) Industry life cycle Entity of strategy will change as company move from one life cycle phase to another. In the Introduction phase, company try to attract interest in new product. As product became more recognizable and increase in demand than industry moves into next phase called Growth and with demand increase amount of competitors. Over time when market is saturated and most customers are satisfied with product life cycle proceed to Maturity phase where growth is slowed down. Few competitors may join in this phase, but hard to survive because of high competition. After Maturity phase cycle start to Decline. Whole process is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6. Stages of industry cycle. (Lynch, p87, 2010) Company have more opportunity to survive and gain more profit in life cycle early ages while entry barriers are low and there are only few competitors. But it is hard to determine the beginning of life cycle because if its unpredictable duration. (Lynch, p87, 2010) Key factors for success The Japanese strategist Kenichi Ohmae argue that for successful strategy organisation should define key factors for success that will help to define objectives more correctly. Key factors are resources such as skills, labour, experience or attributes that can bring competitive advantage to organisation. Key factors can be determined not only from internal advantages but also designed based on external environment. There are three factors need to be analysed:  · Customers What exactly customers want? Who are they? Are there any special segments? Why they buy from us? Need to be evaluated (Lynch, p95, 2010): o Price o Service o Product or service reliability o Quality o Technical specification o Branding  · Competition What factors help company to compete successfully? Who are our competitors? What factors influence competition? Need to be evaluated (Lynch, p95, 2010): o Cost comparison o Price comparison o Quality issues o Market dominance o Service o Distributors  · Corporation Companies technologies, organisational ability and marketing? Key resources of our competitors? Need to be evaluated (Lynch, p96, 2010): o Low-cost operations o Economies of scale o Labour costs o Production output levels o Quality operations o Innovative ability o Labour/Management relations o Technologies and copyright o Skills (Lynch, p94, 2010): Porters five forces One of the most important organisation analysis that need to be performed is evaluating environment forces that influence particular company. Such evaluation will help to gain better competitive advantage than rivals. Professor Michael Porter provide model (Figure 7) that helps evaluate forces that will help to understand organisation opportunities. Figure 7. Porters five forces model (Lynch, p95, 2010) The bargaining power of suppliers Every organisation require raw materials to produce product or service it mean that organisation depend from raw material suppliers. There are shown how suppliers can influence organisation: * If there are few suppliers it means that it is hard to switch to another supplier in case supplier is exert its power. * There are no substitute raw materials that supplier provide. * Organisation costs depend from suppliers price. If supplier increase price for provided material than costs will increase and organisation need decide: increase product price or not. Increased price can lead to lose of competitive advantage but if price stay the same that profit will be smaller. The bargaining power of buyers To make a profit organisation sell their products or service to customers. Every customer have need, wants and own opinion about particular product. Organisation should make customer power analysis to understand who have more influence over other. There are some issues: * There are only few buyers. Organisation have weak position and generally depend from customers and want to attract them as more as possible. In this case customers can easily influence organisation. * Product or service is undifferentiated. Customer can easily switch to product offered from other organisation. The threat of new entrants Entrance of new rivals is possible whet profit margins are attractive and entry barriers are low. Porter argue that there are seven factors that influence entry barriers: 1. Economies of scale Production cost are reducing when product volume significantly increased. These cost reductions provide entry barriers, because company entered in such market forced to keep small price to be competitive. 2. Product differentiation Brand, level of service, attracted customers provide entry barrier because by entering in such market will lead to spend extra funds and time to make new brand more recognizable and establish in the market. 3. Capital requirements Entrance in some markets require investment in technologies equipment, distribution etc. 4. Switching costs When customer is satisfied with provided service or product he is not thinking about other products and it is hard and require high investments to influence customers opinion. 5. Access to distribution channels Production need to be effectively distributed. It takes long time to establish own distribution channels and make it work profitably. 6. Cost disadvantages independent of scale Already established companies invested hardly in infrastructure and gained mayor buyers in the market. It becomes hard for new company to find what to start with, because infrastructure is already established and it is hard to involve changes. 7. Government policy Government tend to secure local companies and publish law that defend them. The threats of substitutes Substitutes is something that can replace a product or service usually provided for smaller price. Things that need to be analysed relative to substitutes: * Customer ability to switch to the substitute * The possible threat of obsolescence * What costs will provide switching to substitute Rivalry among existing firms Some markets and companies are more competitive than others. There are thing that need to be analysed (Model of competition): * Number of competitors * Size of competitors * Growth rate * Product differentiation (Lynch, p97-101, 2010): Four links analysis Most organisations links together to perform better with other companies help. Co-operation can lead such factors: * Reduce costs * Increase organisations sustainability * Open new market sectors The Co-operation usually divided in four subgroups that help more clearly define co-operation type and how it might be improved:  · Informal co-operative links and networks The organisation links and co-operates together on mutual basis without contract. The analysis need to be made to find out what opportunities will provide such link. Usually analysis contain from strengths and weaknesses. Need to pay attention by forming mutual contract because in case fraud it will be hard to prove that particular company is right.  · Formal co-operative links Formal co-operation is linked with legal contract. The difference from informal co-operation is in degree of formality. Such links usually form alliance or joint ventures that works together for many years to gain competitive advantage over rivals and take more market share.  · Complementors The Complementors are companies that supply products that add value to final product. Usually such co-operation is based on several companies that provide different skills and resources that work together on manufacturing of one product. Such organisations have interdependence between themselves.  · Government links and networks The organisations that have linkage with government. (Lynch, p102-105, 2010) Competitor analysis In most markets there are more than one competitor. It is hard to evaluate each of them and because usually it is done by taking few companies and making narrow evaluation. It will help to understand what advantages and disadvantages compare to organisation rivals have. Broad analysis of competitors and their power helps to find their forces. Basic analysis will consist from making competitor profile based on such issues:  · Objective An analysis of competitors objectives help to forecast its strategy. If competitor tend to gain market share then probably will start to implement aggressive strategy. If seeking profit growth than possibly competitor will invest hardly in new plant or improve technologies. Every objective can help to forecast rivals action. Companies annual statements can be useful in evaluating but need to be analysed wit attention because of factor of bluffing.  · Resources The type, size and amount of resources that provide competitive advantage to company need to be analysed.  · Past record of performance Can provide companys successful performance that can be adopted.  · Current products and services  · Links with other organisations Evaluate links, alliances and other types of co-operation than deliver competitive advantage.  · Present strategies Innovation, customers, investments, market share, product range etc. Evaluate how such things used for strategy purposes. Customer analysis Customer is crucial resource of company profit income. Any company will always be interested in as more as possible customer attraction. There are measurements that can be used in customer analysis: * Identification of the customer and market * Market segmentation and its strategic implications * The role of customers service and quality Previously market was based on Mass marketing theory where one product was sold to all customers. Nowadays is used Targeted marketing where company aims on particular market segment and provide product or service only for this segment. Market segmentation can deliver more opportunities to strategy: * Particular segments can be more profitable than others * Some segments can have less competitors that can provide competitive advantage * Some segments can have higher growing rate. (Lynch, p107-108, 2010) Analysis of resources and capabilities Analysis of resources and capabilities gives not only opportunity to look how resources provide competitive advantage but also help understand two important things: * How resources can provide higher profit and better service * Which resources provide competitive advantage and how they can they be improved all time. There are two way that goes interdependent: Value added and Sustainable competitive advantage (Figure 8). Path of resource analysis (Lynch, p119, 2010) Resources and Capabilities Resources and capabilities analysis aim is to recognize where is value added resources and explore what resources deliver competitive advantage to company. There are four questions need to be addressed to company with regard to resources and capability analysis (Lynch, p122, 2010): 1. What kind of resources and capabilities company own? 2. Why organisation have these resources? 3. Why they are important and what advantage they deliver to company? 4. How they can be improved? Figure 9 Sequence of resources and capabilities analysis (Lynch, p122, 2010) Analysis of resources and capabilities starts with full range analysis of resources. It is hard because of some resources are hard to measure. Resources and capabilities can be divided in three categories (Lynch, p123, 2010):  · Tangible resources Are physical resources that contribute to companies value added. These can be modern equipment, location, etc.  · Intangible resources Resources that have no physical presence. It can be companies recognisable brand name, culture, skills level etc.  · Organisational capabilities Such resources as management or leadership that manage tangible and intangible resources. Value added The role of resources in company is to add value and gain profit. The value adding process shown in Figure 10 and can be defined as the difference between product output price and the costs of input. Figure 10. Add Value process (Lynch, p130, 2010) The Value chain The value chain is a value of all activities that is linked with functional parts. Each part makes contribution in value add process. Company perform two types of activity that add value to product or service: Primary activities and support activities. Primary is activities that process itself. Support activities are performed by management and human resources. Porter designed companys value chain process that is shown in Figure 11. Where margin is difference between Total Value and Cost of performance Figure 11. The value chain (Lynch, p132, 2010) The primary activities add value to company by its own way and they are(Lynch, p132-133, 2010):  · Inbound logistics The areas that related to receiving raw materials and goods from suppliers, storing them till they will be required, moving and carrying within company.  · Operations The production area where products or services being produced.  · Outbound logistics The distribution of final product to customers. It is about transportation, warehousing, wrapping etc.  · Marketing and sales Analysis of customers needs and wants and deliver to customers information about what product or service company offer.  · Service It is about before product selling pre installation or after selling service. The support activities:  · Procurement The person or department that is responsible for purchasing raw materials or goods. The goods need to be purchased for as low as possible price and highest quality.  · Technology development The important are that need to be updated all the time.  · Human resource management Training, recruitment, management improvement, employees motivation is important for companies success.  · Firm infrastructure Background planning and control of system. The value system Every company have own value chain and at the same time belong to wide system that involve supply and distribution chain and customers chain. The competitive advantage can deliver suppliers that supply better goods to you rather than rival organisations. The value chain need to be evaluated and improved. Sources of competitive advantage (Lynch, p147, 2010): * Differentiation The development of exclusive feature or service that could appeal particular market. * Low costs Development of low cost product or service can attract more customers. * Niche marketing Concentration on particular market and distinguish and provide all necessary to appeal customers from this market. * High performance or technology Improved performance and customers needs satisfaction better than competitors will provide growth in the market share.  · Quality Provide quality that competitors not able to match. * Service Provide service that competitors not able to match. * Vertical integration The backward acquisition of raw material suppliers can increate competitive advantage. * Synergy The combination a parts of business that together could deliver better result success and profit than separate. * Culture leadership and style of an organisation The way how company is organised and managed. The good managed company will lead to employees satisfaction and improve their attitude to company. It will improve service, quality and deliver good environment for innovation. Resource based sustainable competitive advantage There are seven resource elements that can deliver sustainable competitive advantage:  · Prior or acquired resources Easier to create value on already available to company strengths rather than start from beginning.  · Innovative capability The innovation is important because it can deliver competitive advantage and improve entity.  · Being truly competitive Identify resources strength and opportunity is not enough because they need to be comparatively better than competitors as well.  · Sustainability Resources are more competitive if they dont have and cannot be substituted.  · Appropriability Resources must deliver success only to individual company, but not shared among others.  · Durability Good resources should last as long as possible. There is no reason to identify a competitive resources if they are not sustainable.  · Imitiability Resources should be hard to imitate. Defined resources need to be classified in hierarchy of resources (Figure 12) by their importance and delivered competitive advantage. Figure 12 Hierarchy of resources (Lynch, p151, 2010) Improving competitive advantage There are three methods how resources and capabilities can be improved (Lynch, p158-160, 2010): * Benchmarking Compare practice and experience with other companies and identify what improvements can be performed. The compared industry can be perform another kind of job, need to be copied only companies principles of operation. * Leveraging Exploit companies resources fully. That method can be subdivided in 5 prescriptive routes: 1. Concentration Focusing companys resources on the key objectives. 2. Conservation Exploit every resource or aspect available to company. 3. Accumulation Evaluate fully resources of company and use it where appropriate. 4. Complementarity Analyse resources with an aim to combine them. New combination can deliver competitive advantage. 5. Recovery Make sure that all resources generate produce as quickly as possible. * Upgrading resources The resource analysis can show that an organisation is losing its competitive advantage, so resources and technologies need to upgraded. Vision, Mission and objective of the company. Strategy purpose is explored by established mission and objectives of company. To identify mission and objective need to be evaluated why company exist and how value adding can be generated? Additionally need to be explored companys vision based on opportunities and how it can be evaluated. The purpose of the organisation The purposes of organisation need to be defined clearly otherwise it will be hard to establish proper strategy. To define purpose more clearly need to be considered six questions (Lynch, p221-226, 2010): 1. What is our activity and what should it be?  · Need to be considered the area of activity is it business or non-profit organisation?  · Evaluate what company is focused on should company concentrate on the purpose or it can be broad?  · Do company focuses on profit or diversifying? That issue can be defined broad or narrow.  · Usually strategists define purposes based on the competitive resources of company. 2. What kind of organisation do we wish to be?  · The company usually chose one of two areas: o Culture and style Organisations chose this area based on previous experience and developed history. o Challenges to be posed to members of the organisation. 3. What is relative importance of shareholders and stakeholders?  · Some companies purpose is to satisfy shareholders wealth. 4. Do we want to grow organisation?  · Is company growth is included in purpose or it should stay the same size? 5. What is our relationship with our immediate environment and with society in general?  · The purpose need to be considered with environment within which company perform. In immediate environment need to be assumed such factors as turbulence, competition etc. Society in general is about pressures that influence company. 6. How do we bring all these consideration together?  · The summary of purposes need to be stated in few sentences that will specifically describe. Vision for the future It is imagination of company that stakeholders, shareholders or owned would like to see it after a period of time. There are two views on the values that need to be explored to develop a strategy: * The irrelevance of strategic vision For approaching short-term goals strategic vision can be not performed. * The value of strategic vision Vision is a challenging and imaginative picture of the future role and objectives of an organisation, significantly going beyond its current environment and competitive position (Lynch, p227, 2010). There are a lot of reasons to develop a strategic vision and most important is that the vision is going far in future than organisation is and help to develop purposes how to get there. New vision can help to develop mission and objectives. The mission The mission of an organisation outlines the broad directions that it should and will follow and briefly summarises the reasoning and value that lie behind it (Lynch, p236, 2010). The mission need to be defined based on previously explored purposes. In prescriptive strategy mission is set to be realised in next few years. The role of mission is to develop direction which company will follow and try to realise. There are five elements of the mission statement that need to be explored and chosen appropriate: 1. Explore the nature of the company. In this case can be asked such questions as What business are company in? and What is desired business for company? 2. The mission should be developed from customers point of view rather than companys. 3. The mission should show the basic values and beliefs of the company. 4. The elements of sustainable competitive advantages need to be shown in the mission. 5. The mission need to show the particular reason for its choice to realise. The objectives Objectives are the aims that need to be realised to implement the mission. This process cover what and when is need to be done. In most cases objectives should be quantified and measurable, but sometimes such objectives as ethic, employee or customer satisfaction is hard to measure. Company should apply any measurements to hard measurable objectives with an aim to get a feedback how successfully they implemented. Usually companies set objectives in two areas: 1. Financial objectives Such as profit, cash flow, earnings per share etc. 2. Strategic objectives Such as customer satisfaction, market share, product quality etc. (Lynch, p242, 2010). Strategy options development When the purpose of company is defined need to develop a strategy options how to achieve it. After options development need to chose more suitable and that will bring advantage. SWOT analysis As a starting point of strategy options development can be summarising current position using SWOT analysis. SWOT is analysis that helps to find companys internal Strengths and Weaknesses, and external Op

Environmental Problems Derived From Modern Societies Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental Problems Derived From Modern Societies Environmental Sciences Essay Global warming is probably one of the most talked issues of our generation and ironically it is probably one of the most misunderstood subjects. Everyone talks about it without truly understand what it means for our future or what its horrifying consequences are. The dictionary defines global warming as the rise in the average temperature of Earths atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation.  [1]   This essay will analyze with more depth this definition and also make the students understand how serious this subject is about to become and how it is in our hands to slow down this process before it is too late. Environmental problems derived from modern societies The comfort we have in our modern life is leading us to use up many natural resources. So, it is important to understand what controls the fragile and complex climate on Earth. The Earth temperature is controlled by the greenhouse effect. This effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. Life on Earth is only possible because of the green house effect. Actually, if this effect did not exist, the temperature on the surface would be around 34 °C colder than it is in the present days. With the rise of gas emissions of the green house effect, as in the gases which absorb and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, the fragile and complex system that controls Earth climate is affected and consequently, the surface becomes warmer. As Derek Markham states: The main greenhouses gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halocarbons, ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases are not only produced by human action but there are also natural causes aggravating the situation. Starting by stating the main ones, such as, our ever-increasing addiction to electricity from coal burning power plants releases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.  [2]   Every day, more electric gadgets flood the market, and without alternative energy sources, we are highly dependent on burning coal for our personal and commercial electrical supply. Other big issue is the demand for more cars and consumer goods, which increased the use of fossil fuels for transportation and manufacturing caused its growth at an alarming rate among the population. Other cause derived from the grown of the population is the enormous quantity of methane released into the atmosphere by the creation of animals in a large scale. The process of anaerobic decomposition that takes place in the intestines of herbivorous animal produced methane. Furthermore Markham says: The use of forests for fuel (both wood and for charcoal) is one cause of deforestation, but in the first world, our appetite for wood and paper products, our consumption of livestock grazed on former forest land, and the use of tropical forest lands for commodities like palm oil plantations contributes to the mass deforestation of our world. Forests remove and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and this deforestation releases large amounts of carbon, as well as reducing the amount of carbon capture on the planet. Analyzing the consequences Although there are countless alarming consequences  [3]  there are a few that deserve more attention. For instant, with climate change, areas where precipitation was relatively constant now cease to be. With time, this situation generates a low irrigation of soil and consequently the desertification of soil. What happens it that the soil of these certain areas starts to become increasingly sterile and which means that the land does no longer have enough nutrients to grow new vegetation, both natural and planted by men. Without vegetation, less will rain, the soil becomes barren and lifeless and, of course, survival is very difficult. Also, as global warming is associated with the rise of the planets average temperature, this increase passes on the heat to water sources present on Earth and therefore it is a reason of alarm because it is believed to be the main cause for some Fauna and Flora extinction once present in the deep ocean. Also, Joe Romm says: It is predicted more intense monsoons with climate change. Warmer air can hold more water and puts more energy into weather systems, changing the dynamics of storms and where and how they hit.  [4]   Considering this scenario, what it is more likely to happen is that cities and towns will not be prepared for this impact in terms of infrastructures. Another issue, and that might be the scariest, is the general reduction in food production: Due to this Natures immoderate behaviour and climates conditions, the profits in average crop will vary depending on its geologic location. This effect on productivity will lead to a reduction in global food production, resulting on the increase of cases of malnutrition.footnote! http://www.carebadges.com/?p=15 This will also be followed by the fact that mosquitoes are extremely sensitive to climate variations and global warming will allow these species to travel to parts of the world that used to be too cold for them to survive, which means that tropical diseases will spread south from South East Asia and Africa to other places. Lastly is the fact that the polar ice (ice accumulated on top of the land on both poles) is melting at an increasingly fast pace, a process triggered by surface heating. The problem is that our Planet has about 38 million cubic kilometres of ice, of which 85% are in Antarctica. Because ice is less dense than water, around 33 million of cubic kilometres of water would obviously go to the ocean. Considering that the oceans surface is 360 million cubic kilometres and if this surface remains constant, it would mean an increase of 60 meters of the sea level. Of course this is an irrealistic and extremist point of view and we can only predict based on results of the UN Climate Panel an increase of the sea level about 18 to 60 centimetres in the next century, which is not a big problem. What have we been doing to minimise global warming? Up to date, there have been major worldwide congresses and Talks to discuss the Global Warming issue and spread the word. From all of them, there are two that deserve attention: The World Summit River in 1992 which took place in Rio de Janeiro, was the first major conference focused on this topic and to debate solutions to combat global warming. 117 representatives of countries around the world were present that day to sign the most important measure called Agenda 21, which committed these signatory nations to adopt the new methods of sustainable development, creating an economic background to serve as financial support in order to achieve the target set to cut carbon emissions by the year 2000, when carbon dioxide in atmosphere was 355 ppm. In the following years the involve countries did not accomplished the targets and in 1997, when the carbon emissions where 365 ppm at atmosphere according to IPCC, it was called the Kyoto summit. In the Kyoto summit there been established new targets to cut up 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels before 2012 and again the countries did no achieve this. So it is understandable that we have been doing climate change policy but failed over and over again. It is time to realize the current approach is broken and we have to think about other solutions. The solutions As consequences, solutions are countless and should be put into practice more actively. The solutions presented next are the most important ones: Starting by fossil fuels, probably the most difficult one to achieve because of its presence in society is to continually eliminate the burning of coal, oil and natural gas and replace them by other sources of energy such as solar energy, wind energy, water splitting, algae fuel, terra power, wave energy, urban cooling and geo- engineering Infrastructure Upgrade is another measure that needs attention, buildings in cities contribute to about one third of all greenhouse gas emissions, even though investing in thicker insulation  and other cost-effective, temperature-regulating steps can save money in the long run. But energy-efficient buildings and improved cement-making processes could reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the developed world and prevent them in the developing world. Transportation is another major source of greenhouse gas emissions, so one action that could make all the difference for this situation is moving near to work or use other ways of transport such as walking, cycling or some other way that only requires human energy. Avoiding long-distance flights would be of great help too, for instant there are distances that can be achieved by train instead. Consuming less should be the number one rule in developed countries. Consuming less results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, less production and less shipping of products around the world. Following this thought, every citizen should do more with less and try not to waste our resources so easily, such as leaving the tap open or the lights turned on. The same applies to choose carefully what you buy, for instant choosing local food because it does not need to be transported. Following this thought, consuming less would have a big impact in cutting the trees and would help preserving the few existing forests because right now 33 million acres are cut down per year. One option is to set a global tax on carbon, which is applied consistently across the globe. This would mean the biggest polluters pay the appropriate cost for the damage they are doing to the environment. Proceeds of this tax could be reinvested in renewable energy solutions and energy efficiency schemes. Tax credits could also be given for research and development schemes focused on reducing energy use, conserving water and other energy efficiency initiatives. . What should we expect from the future? Is there still hope? As everyone heard before, the future is in our hands, especially in the leading governments. There is still no absolute idea about solutions probably there is no definite solution to solve global warming but there are solutions to gain time and make things last for longer. Countless organisations and scientists believe that every day. We are not yet saved or doomed, which should be more than a motivation for us, citizens of the world, to act more efficiently and start thinking about new ways of living. I believe that we are not yet prepared for the possibilities of having to adapt our livings standards and probably the need to survive rather than living comfortably in our cosy homes. But again it all depends on our governments and us all.

Short Interfering RNA Essay -- Biology

missing figures Background Information RNA inference (RNAi) was first discovered in Cenorhabditis elegans nearly a decade ago and have been revolutionizing gene-function analysis ever since. This discovery began the process by which scientists work with a known gene sequence and attempt to define its biological function by disrupting its activity in vivo. It involves the introduction of homologous double stranded RNA (dsRNA) to specifically target a gene's product and to disrupt the function of that gene in vivo. The resulting effects on an animal are referred to as a phenocopy due to the fact that it copies the phenotype of a loss-of-function mutation of that gene, but is not really inherited like how a true gene deletion would be. Despite the variety of technologies, this was not possible before due to the lack of genome information. The advances in gene sequencing throughout the past couple of years have allowed various usages of available technology to go after any gene and try to identify the gene, as well as to understand its specific function. Once the sequence is known, an open reading frame can be obtained to find a specific coding region of a gene by looking for the universal start codon, AUG, and the universal stopping codon, UAA, UUA, or UAG. From there, RNAi can be introduced into cells of certain organisms, with dsRNA as the interfering agent that can result in the destruction and degradation of a sequence specific messenger RNA (mRNA) that mimics a loss-of-function phenotype. In other words, RNAi is a very efficient and highly specific way in which to inactivate gene function and can serve as an alternative to gene knockouts, or the conventional antisense technology. The mechanism of how dsRNA results in... ...of a marker gene and a hairpin expression cassette in a viral vector would allow single-cell or mosaic analysis of gene function. †¢ It may be possible in the future to apply this process of hairpin siRNA synthesis to studies of neurogenesis and differentiation in mammals. The information contained in this website comes from (or was sought out because of) the paper entitled "RNA interference by expression of short-interfering RNAs and hairpin RNAs in mammalian cells" written by Dr. Jenn-Yah Yu, Dr. Stacy L. DeRuiter, and Dr. David L. Turner at the University of Michigan's Department of Biological Chemistry. Citations: DeRuiter, Stacy. Yu, Jenn-Yah. Turner, David L. "RNA interference by expression of short-interfering RNAs and hairpin RNAs in mammalian cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. Vol. 99, Issue 9, 6047-6052, April 30, 2002

Capital Punishment and the Bible Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Ess

Capital Punishment and the Bible      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment has always been an arguable issue and for good reason. The Old Testament clearly calls for the death penalty on many occasions, whereas; many of the teachings of Jesus and others in the New testament readily denounce it.   Therefore, both advocates ands opponents of capital punishment have Biblical references to support their beliefs.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opponents use the creation story to show that all are created in God's image.   Genesis 1:27a states that â€Å"God created man in his image.†1   God, thus, has the power to give and take away life as he chooses.   All men are to preserve life to the best of their ability.   M. Margaret Falls says that we cannot treat people as mere instruments to personal survival, success or fulfillment.2      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advocates will also utilize Genesis   1:27 to prove that because man is created in God's image, man must preserve as many lives as possible,   Therefore, the death of one, who has murdered many, will spare the useless and countless deaths of others.   God's command to preserve life seems much more important here than the preservation of criminals.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment is never used legitimately in the New Testament. Jesus' constant preaching of love and forgiveness shows his contempt for the harming of others.   One example of love is found in John 15:17 â€Å"This is my command:   Love each other.†Ã‚   An example of forgiveness is Matthew 6:14 â€Å"For if you forgive men when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.†      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jesus practiced what he preached by not condemning guilty persons.   In John 8:1-11, Jesus did not let the people stone a wom... ...    Falls, M. Margaret, The Christian Century, â€Å"Against the Death Penalty: A Christian Stance in a Secular World, The Christian Century Foundation, Cicero, IL, 1986.    Finlay, Terence J., The Ten Commandments, Charles Scribner's Sons, NY, NY, 1961.    Harrison, R. K., Numbers An Exegetical Commentary, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1992.    Hoekema, David, The Christian Century, â€Å"Capital Punishment:   The Question of Justification, The Christian Century Foundation, Chicago, IL, 1979.    Holy Bible, New International Version, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1973.    Kaiser, Walter C. Jr., Hard Sayings of the Old Testament, InerVarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL, 1988.    Steffen, Lloyd, Christianity and Crisis, â€Å"Casting the First Stone,† Christianity and Crisis, Inc., Syracuse, NY, 1990.   

Ethan Frome Essay

2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been  found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? d 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings?

Corporal Punishment Should Be Reintroduced in Schools Essay

Corporal Punishment as described by the Collins Dictionary and Thesaurus is â€Å"punishment of a physical nature, such as caning, flogging, or beating†. As long as students understand that corporal punishment is based on authority, not violence or Abuse, and acknowledge that the authority is being used for legitimate purposes such as; discipline, Respect, appropriate classroom behavior and maintaining high levels of learning, they can easily understand why it is something that their Principal should be allowed to perform with Parental Consent. Nowadays, students control the classroom and disregard the teacher’s orders and authority.† Authority† – the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience. Since students know that teachers cannot do anything more than send them out of class, teachers are left with an un-teachable classroom due to the distractions caused by â€Å"nuisances in class†. Students who are defiant or non-compliant can be the most challenging to teach. They frequently interrupt instruction, often do poorly academically, show disrespect and may show little motivation to learn. If parents â€Å"spare the rod† at home and send an undisciplined child to school, then its fair to say it becomes the responsibility of the school to instill discipline. If the parents and the school fail the child in this regard, then the resulting undisciplined child will learn the hard way about the consequences of unacceptable behavior later in life. Corporal punishment, unlike loss of privileges, such as having your mobile phone taken away, no Facebook activity or a firm lecture about your behavior, allows the child to draw a clear line on what is not acceptable behavior. In the UK, corporal punishment has been banned in schools for numerous years. By reintroducing corporal punishment, teachers will regain the respect and healthy order in the classroom that they should have had in the first place. It is also essential to make it clear to the student being punished the guidelines upon why they are receiving that punishment. . If criminals are punished for crimes, then students must also understand that there are penalties for their actions. If you look at educational statistics and reports from the past to the present, violence and delinquency in schools were 200 to 300% lower than they are now according to the CDC (Center for Disease Control), OJJDP (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) and NCES (National Center for Education Statistics). They show through extensive data children in schools during corporal punishment eras that; students performed better, focused, less instances of delinquency and Respectful. In addition, there were also fewer recorded incidents of students and teachers being accosted, assaulted, harassed and violated. References http://www.collinsdictionary.com http://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2011/key.Asp Http://nces.Ed.Gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2011/key.Asp http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/parents-back-corporal-punishment-in-schools-2355544.html House of Commons: Corporal punishment lawful with parental consent [HISTORY] On 28 January 1997 the UK parliament debated reinstating Corporal Punishment in state school’s, ten years after it was abolished. The move failed, but the debate is quite interesting.