Mythologizing Place and Self in Poetry by Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton

Mythologizing Place and Self in Poetry by Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton Introduction Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton are famous Canadian writers. Kroetsch was born in 1927 and died in 2011. He was one of the Canadian postmodernism novelists, poets, and non-fiction writers. Having been born in Alberta, he began his academic writing at Binghamton University. On the other hand, Sproxton was also a Canadian novelist and poet who lived in Red Deer, Alberta (Kroeller 71).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Mythologizing Place and Self in Poetry by Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was born in 1943 in Flin Flon, Manitoba where he died in 2007. He went to study at Winnipeg before heading to Alberta. He also lectured creative writing at the Red Deer College. The two writers have some similarities in their style of writing and the context of their contents. Genealogy of place and self underpins the works of the two writers. Robert Kroetsch: Seed Catalo gue Kroetsch poetry uses complex or jargon (Davey 3). His language is mythology of the ancient writers and poets. It can be argued that the reason why the poems of Kroetsch are mythical is his style in naming. Naming is thought to be a process that is believed to be a mythical process. Robert Kroetsch authored ‘The stone Hammer’ poems and the ‘Seed Catalogue’. He begins the stone hammer poems by presenting twelve sections of the poems in sequence namely the â€Å"Old man stories†. In the footnote, he informs his readers that the main figure in the poem is a trickster and a teacher who lived in the legends of the Blackfoot Indians of southern Alberta. The trickster is presented as a comic sexual ancestor and a hero. The young man plays various tricks to woo the woman. He manages to successfully woo the woman to receive sexual acts and fellatio by disguising his pennies as a berry. In fact, â€Å"He rushed his prick, like rawhide lariat† (Kroets ch 29). Therefore, he mythologizes sexual antics of the man in the story. The society goes through this behavior. It is natural, indigenous, and inevitable. The trickster is used ironically to depict the characters of the people. On the other hand, Sproxton’s work constructs and conveys his message using simple language that helps to enhance the meaning of a message (Hill 99). Sproxton further uses various writing styles including metaphors and form that fits the time and space. On the other hand, Kroetsch is wordy. His writings lack metaphors thus making his work plain. He is motivated and interested in writing more information that did not make sense (Calder and Wardhaugh 5). Kroetsch has done many works in poetry. Most of them revolve around his lives, as well as his hometown Hearse. Many of his poems in â€Å"The Completed Field Notes† recount how his hometown came into being in the seed catalogue. He described his town Heisler the way it grew up.Advertising Looking for critical writing on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The town was in the middle of parkland and the battle river country. The prelude in the poem indicates that he is referring to this town. He says, â€Å"Once upon a time in the village of Heisler† (Kroetsch ‘Seed catalogue’ 29). He narrates the story of growing up and coming into existence of Prairie. He says, â€Å"No trees around the house†¦only the wind† (Kroetsch 29). Furthermore, Kroetsch narrates how his mother died. This loss made him disillusioned. He was only thirteen years. This deprivation was a fundamental situation that symbolizes death of verbal communication. The crowd who came to give her farewell even hurt him further the way they used language in expressing the loss. They did not care about the feelings the family was going through. He quotes,† I remember the death of my mother. I remember the wake, the crowds of people† (Kroetsch 29). â€Å"I saw the failure of language, the faltering connection between those spoken words and what it was I knew my father felt† (Kroetsch 29). Kroetsch acknowledges through the poem that the death of his mother made him doubt the reality of life (Calder and Wardhaugh 3). He lost the feminine assurance. The relationship between him and his mother was very close. Therefore, he could not believe that actually that could have happened. Kroetsch further uses language to demonstrate the notion of self. In his poem ‘The Ledger’ and ‘Seed Catalogue†, he uses ‘I’ more often to demonstrate the notion of Self, which is an indication of how he centers on individualism (Neuman 176). He is therefore concerned about self-following the way he refers to an individual as well as the place from where he comes. The poem mythologizes the poet’s individual life as he digs deeper into his fami ly history and relationships to establish the roots and the self (McKay 146). Kroetsch is concerned about himself as depicted further from his â€Å"Completed Field Notes† in the poem â€Å"How I Joined the Seal Herd† (Kroetsch 47). In fact, he says, â€Å"I am writing this poem with my life† (Kroetsch 47). He wants the readers to understand the challenges and the absurdity in the life he went through.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Mythologizing Place and Self in Poetry by Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Robert Kroetsch: The Ledger The ledger is a paradox of life in which Kroetsch depicts his life. He employs the concept of double entry and the double column printing in the poem to construct and deconstruct his life. In the poem, he gives a recount of how these entries seldom balance. There are many holes as some pages are torn out either by intent ion or by accident. Therefore, he attempts to cover the spaces by supposing the absence of the torn parts. For instance, he says that everything that he writes is a search â€Å"for the dead†¦for some pages remaining† (Kroetsch 11). Therefore, the poem is the inward journey for his past (Calder 91). Kroetsch retraces his roots by trying to put together piecemeal information from the experiences to have a complete picture of the reality. This search however does not make him find his past. He rather finds the act of finding. Therefore, there seems to be a no answer in his quest of finding his identity. The Ledger poem triggers mixed reactions besides causing confusion in the mind of the readers. Therefore, it requires them to fill the gaps in the text intelligently to find their meaning and reality. It evokes the voices of the ancestor. This is what Kroetsch tries to record to allow him relate the past to the present. Therefore, in this poem, the author’s memory en gages itself in the quest to seek the source or the past, which he calls, â€Å"dreams of origins† (Kroetsch 11). The past is full of unambiguities that are elusive and unresolved but which the memory keeps on pondering. Robert Kroetsch: Stone Hammer In the poem ‘Stone Hammer’, Kroetsch seeks to forge a Canadian identity amidst regional diversity and hostile forces (Kroetsch 3). He delights himself about the prairies with passion. Kroetsch searches his roots and identity. In this poem, Kroetsch is concerned about his family. Therefore, he searches his family’s origin, the national history, and genealogical time. The poem extends to the past generations where a hammer was found. The hammer was very important to the native people who used it to prepare pemmican in the ancient times. Kroetsch writes, â€Å"This stone becomes a hammer of stones, this maul is the color of bone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kroetsch 3). The author frequently refers to his family and the past to illustrate his higher affinity and interests about the past as well as his present. Therefore, the poem is centered on the mythology of his place of origin- Canada. He is more concerned about his place. Therefore, this captured in the poem. Prairies are depicted as the regions where cultural growth is linked to the fertility of the myth of fruition, seeding decay, and renewal. In his collection ‘Completed Field Notes’, Kroetsch presents long poems that juxtapose parts of anecdotes, memory meditations, and documents.Advertising Looking for critical writing on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The vast landscape of Canada is discussed in this postmodernism expression in the poems. There are different kinds of poems such as personal poems like ‘Birthday June 23, 1983’ and ‘I Getting Old Now’ among many others. They deal with a personal history. They are linked with holistic depiction of reality. Other contrasts that existed between the poems of Kroetsch and those of Sproxton are in the construction of sentences. Kroetsch uses jargon and a lot of repetition in his writing. Sometimes, these words and phrases do not have a concise meaning but mere empty words. On the other hand, Sproxton uses words sparingly and with a lot of selectivity to convey a message. In his poems- ‘The Ledger’ and ‘The Seed Catalogue’, Kroetsch shows an â€Å"epiphany of the problematic relationships that exist between selfhood and language† (Kroetsch 29). This poem portrays individual self of the people. Most of his works are a reflection of personal life. For instance, in the ‘Seed Catalogue’, the author says, â€Å"ongoing poem† (Kroetsch 29) as a symbol to illustrate that life is an ongoing phenomenon. Kroetsch tries to find out the reality of life and self-using language. In his poem ‘The Ledger’ and ‘Seed Catalogue†, he employs ‘I’ often to reveal the notion of self, which is an indication of how he centers on individualism. He is therefore concerned about self following the way he refers to an individual as well as the place from where he comes. The poem is about the poet’s individual life as he digs deeper into his family history and relationships to establish the roots and the self (McKay 146). The author is concerned about himself as further depicted from his completed field notes in the poem â€Å"How I Joined the Seal Herd† (Kroetsch 1). In fact, he says, â€Å"I am writing this poem with my life† (Kroetsch 32). He wants the reader s to understand the challenges and the absurdity in life he went through. Sproxton: Headframe 2 The two novelists and poets writing style is shaped from the former novelists. Sproxton’s poems in the â€Å"Headframe 2† in his last sections of â€Å"The Screen Door Revisions† provide readers with an insight why he is doing what he is doing (Sproxton 125). The poet for the ‘Screen Door Revisions’ says that he found â€Å"an old photograph, pieces of story, little fragments of things, so he started digging deeper and deeper† (Sproxton 125). In his first poem â€Å"chronicle 1†, it is clearly indicated that that the Gunslinger is a poet figure who is trying to mythologize prairie places and the self. He says, â€Å"Gunslinger on the nether cheek† (Sproxton 5). The idea that grand narrative of historical Gunslinger is â€Å"subverted, that brave, macho, sometimes dangerous, fighter (historically) is disturbed by Prairie mosquitoes (t hat little fragmentary things he found), he is scratching, and starts searching, digging deeper† (Sproxton 125). Writing about them is an ultimate attempt to mythologize place and self-identity. Sproxton tries to mythologize by supplementing history into genealogy. Autobiographical elements that Sproxton uses also show self-mythologizing. The two poets inquire more on their roots in Canada. Their writing is about genealogy of place and self. In their poems, novels, and books, they seek to know their identities better besides revealing their backgrounds to the readers. This approach characterized a large chunk of their poems, which revealed how both did not believe in the grand narrative of history. Rather, they sort to pursue by themselves the truth about their ancestors and background. Another similarity between the authors lies in their writing styles. In most of their writings or poems, various lines are broken with others being open-ended. They also used vernacular as a ke y component in their writing. For instance, in his book, ‘Collection of Headframe’, Sproxton writes the history and tales about his hometown. He writes in Heisler the hotel, â€Å"Cooley and I rode into the Battle River Valley† (Sproxton 32). His being engraved about his home pushes him to seek more insights on where he came from. For instance, he explores the originality of the Word Flin Flon, which was the town where he was born. He says, â€Å"A skate in the corner in the main Arena Flin Flon† (Sproxton 20). The name originated from a story of a prospector who carried a book called ‘the sunless city† written by Muddock. In the book, an adventurer by the name Josiah Flintabbatey Flotin boarded a submarine that was on its way to Lake Avernus, a bottomless sea whose depth went beyond the center of the earth. He was searching for the unknown, as symbolized by his effort of the discovery of the lake that with an unknown bottom. Therefore, the min eworkers believed that the lake was Avernus. The author of the book seeks to unravel the hidden truths that the people did not know. Sproxton believed in towns that existed through imaginations, He says, â€Å"Towns must be imagined into existence† (Sproxton 23). The author told stories that covered Manitoba to Alberta. Sproxton sums the history, his own life, geography, and the information handed to him through various sources through the poem in the book called Frank slide. The poem depicts the worst natural disaster that hit the Canadian history. A mountain fell down in the town of frank Alberta in the year 1903 claiming the lives of all inhabitants, as quoted in words, â€Å"The face of the mountain falls†¦tumbling still across the valley over the buried village† (Sproxton 27). Moreover, the writers write about the accounts of their fore parents where they address the issue of â€Å"family reunions and what happened over the years as well as other stories tha t range between facts, tall tales, and similar stories of the past† (Sproxton 25). Furthermore, the authors used similar anatomy in their writings. They sometimes exaggerated especially when writing about philosophical issues, as evident in an interview between Christian Riegel and Sproxton in the antigonish review number 132. He contended, â€Å"Headframe is a good example of the anatomy in textual terms† (Rob 3). In the book ‘Headframe’, the author Sproxton disputes over reliance or putting of more weight on vernacular instead of language (Sproxton 7). Addressing the issue of language therefore connects the two authors. In fact, Sproxton argues that the evident misunderstanding between him and other people is brought by the fact that they grew up with people speaking different languages and hence the confusion. His parents were from Saskatchewan farming backgrounds who spoke different languages. Saskatchewan River and lakes are mythologized like that of M ississippi River, â€Å"river runs through Hudson bay and Rupert Land† (Sproxton 74). This is an idea of Canadian shield in a way aimed at writing an epic of a place. For instance, the book starts with a storyteller enquiring to know whether the father was settling in the lavatory. The use of homesteading was taken to imply the application of vernacular though primarily aiming at depicting that the father had stayed there for a long period. This technique in language contextualizes the message to have the touch of lives of the ancient people or rather their originality. Furthermore, another similarity between these two authors is the usage of space in their poetry. The two authors are considered as some of â€Å"the most important imaginative writers of the postmodern movement† (Rob 3). They transformed the way of writing. Theorists such as Jacques Derrida and Ferdinand de Saussure influenced the two poets. The former poets played a crucial role in mentoring and motiva ting the two writers to like and have a passion in writing. The other similarity between these two poets is that they have contributed to the shift of writing styles among the people of Canada. New literary styles that the two writers initiated in Canadian have helped and motivated many Canadians since they revolutionized the styles of poetry to which people adhered. Another similarity between these two authors is the way they wrote their poems. They resorted to writing long poems. These poems were open-ended implying that, they did not provide the reader with specific themes or directions to base the facts (Beran 2). Conclusion In conclusion, the two poets Kroetsch and Sproxton are some of the most known poets who influenced Canadian poets into their writing styles. They are acknowledged as post modernism poets who revolutionized writing styles of poems in Canada. They sort to delve their poems on their place of origin besides exploring their past to find out the truth. They theref ore mythologized space and self in most of their poems. The genealogy of prairies Canada is evident in the way they write their ideas. They have many similarities as they both based their writing on Alberta in Canada. They used vernacular languages, long poems, and wrote about their histories. On the other hand, they also had some differences especially in the away they constructed their poems and the way they used words to communicate their ideas. However, the two poets have played a fundamental role in the poetry industry in Canada and beyond its boarders. Therefore, though the two are dead, the much they have written is enough to speak volumes to the contemporary poets. The two poets have set a good foundation that is worth emulating by any other poet whose sole agenda is to heighten his/her poetic skills. Beran, Carol. â€Å"Review of out of place: The writings for Robert Kroetsch by Simona Bertacco.† Great Plains Quarterly 1.1(2004): 2-5. Print. Calder, Alison. Who†™s from the Prairie?: Some Prairie Self-representations in Popular  Culture. Toward Defining the Prairies: Region, Culture, and History. Winnipeg: U. of Manitoba, 2001. Print. Calder, Alison, and Robert Wardhaugh. When is the Prairie? introduction. History,  Literature, and the Writing of the Canadian Prairies. Winnipeg: U. of Manitoba, 2001. Print. Davey, Frank. Toward the Ends of regionalism. A Sense of Place: Re-evaluating Regionalism  in Canadian and American Writing. Edmonton: U of Alberta, 1998. Print. Hill, Gerald. â€Å"Reading in Completed Field Notes.† Textual Studies in Canada 3.1(2006): 99-110. Print. Kroetsch, Robert. Seed Catalogue. Completed Field Notes. Edmonton: U of Alberta, 2000. Print. Kroetsch, Robert. The Ledger. Completed Field Notes. U of Alberta, 2000. Print. Kroeller, Eva-Marie. History and Photography in Robert Kroetsch’s Alibi. Open Letter. London: Summer/Fall, 1998. Print. McKay, Don. At Work and Play in The Ledger. Open Letter. Lon don: Summer/Fall, 1998. Print. Neuman, Shirley. â€Å"Figuring the Reader, Figuring the Self in Field Notes: Double or noting.† Open Letter 8/9(1989):176-194. Print. Rob, Mclennan. Headframe:2 by Birk Sproxton, 2006. Web. http://poetryreviews.ca/reviews/headframe-2-by-birk-sproxton/ Sproxton, Birk. Headframe 2. Canada: Turnstone Press.

Brandstorm L oreal Essay Example

Brandstorm L oreal Essay Example Brandstorm L oreal Paper Brandstorm L oreal Paper 7%) and fragrances (33,2%) (LOreal resource pack). Now the brand has been developed itself in more than 130 countries. During its 80 years of existence, Lana ¶me has established a brand identity containing some key associations: Expensive, luxury, women, mascara, quality, beauty and trustworthy (Labile, 201 5; own survey, 201 5) appendix rod cloud. 2. 1 Lana ¶mes target group: The typical Lana ¶me customer is an elegant and sophisticated woman around the forty years old (Paupers Labile, 2015). Lana ¶me users view Lana ¶me as elegant, luxurious, and high in quality. Furthermore, they do consider Lana ¶me to be expensive however, compared to for example Channel they do not consider Lana ¶me to be overpriced (Paupers Labile, 2015). 2. 2 Lana ¶me performance: In the travel retail industry is LOreal the market leader. Lana ¶me has the largest market share in the Duty Free beauty products category with over 20% (source: generation). Lana ¶mes total brand value is ranked at the 90th place and valued at 6,3 billion USED (Source: Forbes) thanks to successful products such as their best-selling fragrance (ranked as 4th in the world) La vie est. belle, known for its iconic smiling bottle. . Define the travel retail market The Travel Retail market is an upcoming and increasingly growing market. The travel retail distribution channels consist Of; cruises (4%), airports (57%), downtown duty free shops (33%) and airlines (6%) (LOreal resource pack). Hence, the air traffic is the main driver for the travel retail industry and the focus in this paper . Air traffic is continuously growing by 5% on average per year, and represents over 6 billion international flights in 2013. In 201 3, 1. 87 billion people traveled by plane and spend 1 159 billion USED on various top product categories such as tobacco (7%), Wine and spirits (1 7%), Jewelry and Apparel (12%), Fine foods (12%) and Fragrance and cosmetics (30%) (source: illustriously. Com; LOreal resource pack). Asia-Pacific is the most vibrant region for travel Retail, accounting for 37% of all sales (TEA). The most visited airport in 2013 was London Heathers, with 67 Million passengers (Source: IAC). 3. Airport trends and developments In todays speed-driven, globally networked economy, airports are developing into hubs for commerce. Similar to a traditional metropolis of a central city and its outlying suburbs, the airport is becoming the focus of a sprawl of businesses in what has been dubbed the reiterations. What this means for cosmetics and perfumes is that airport shops will no longer be solely for duty- free gifts and indulgences. In the future airports will look like sophisticated shopping malls with not only shops but also a variety of entertainment opportunities such as golf clubs, cinemas and spa centers. Many airports are growing into bigger places focusing on an integrated and personalized experience for travelers while also considering sustainability. The focus areas for airports are (technological) developments such as: atomization and self-service, personalization and nature spaces where people don not have the feeling they are locked up. Retailers can effectively integrate those trends into their services. Several examples are; nature parks, a beauty spa, museum or for instance; loyalty programs, mobile advertising and higher level of in-store services by touch-screen technology which revive an on-the spot- personalized experience. In addition, some concept stores add digital imagery on a shop wall. Some representative modern top airports with top figures in terms of passenger traffic and providing the above mentioned examples are: Istanbul, Doth, Koala Lump, Taipei and Dublin international airport (traffic evolution; LOreal resource pack). 3. 2 What makes the travel retail market unique? There are several factors playing a role, which makes the Duty free travel retail market unique and distinct from the domestic market. Access to the shops is restricted to people who are traveling and in possession of a raiding pass. Travelers passing through airports are from across the globe, international multi-lingual context In travel retail, brands only have a small window of opportunity to attract and engage customers and convert sales Duty-free and travel retail stores are Often open 24/7 Food, drink and duty free tobacco products are normally intended for consumption outside of the country in which they are purchased, the final destination of the products could be anywhere in the world. Only a limited range of products (often luxury brands) are sold in duty free and travel retail shops and cannot be found on the High Street. In addition many products purchased at duty free and travel retail shops are intended for gift giving, with special editions of products and promotions being supplied only to the travel retail sector. Airport duty free and travel retail shops do not compete with the domestic market; rather they compete with each other as passengers have the option of shopping at different airports departure, arrival or transit airport. The European Commission most recently confirmed this position during their investigation into the acquisition of World Duty Free by Autograph, published in May 2008. . Consumer analysis of travel retail consumers The consumer in the travel retail market is the international shopper; they are not only shopping where they live but also wherever they are. Some important general demands of the International shopper are: high interest in good quality/ high end products, convenience and fast/quick service. The international shopper consists of both families and business peo ple who have different, purposes and needs while traveling. This means that retailers have a difficult mission: tailor their offerings to the different needs and purposes (private or business) of the global shopper, whether they are Brazilian, Chinese, Russians or middle Eastern. The upcoming paragraphs will provide an overview and a clear description about the potential global shopper, there needs, motivations and consumer expectations. 4. 1 Characteristics of the global shopper As the travel retail market has grown, the demographics of travel retail have changed dramatically. Indeed, the significance of Chinese and Russian travelers dwarfs other groups. China accounts for 27% of the total market and Russia for 15%. Number three is Indonesia with Its really linked to GAP per capita. As soon as GAP per capita starts to rise and people have ore disposable income, they want to travel, and when they travel, they want to shop. For 82 %of Chinese travelers, shopping is their number one priority, dropping to 56% and 48% respectively for Middle East ern and Russian consumers. The Chinese consider shopping a fundamental part of their travel experience (source: illustriously. Com). It is thus Important to notice that absolutely not solely European or the American travelers are of interest for Lana ¶me, but especially the new emerging nationalities such as the Chinese and Russian shoppers are the biggest spenders (LOreal case study). Another ewe phenomenon is called: the demagnification of traveling. Demagnification means an increase Of the middle class in traveling. This new influx of travelers transforms the travel retail market, which is evolving from a business model focused exclusively on luxury towards a more diversified offer. 4. The needs of the global shopper The global shopper can travel for two purposes; private or business. These two purposes determine the needs of the global shopper. Generally, business travelers demand efficiency and convenience, whereas tourists are generally seeking for entertainment, and browse stores in order to reduce waiting time. Besides these two different purposes, retailers have to deal with the different nationalities of global shoppers. For instance Japanese women want translucent skin products, whereas European woman or North American woman demand bronzing powders. Lana ¶me has to respond to these different needs by, comprising more various products sets, tailor personal service (a beauty consultant who speaks every language) organize different festival or event by nationality (Ramadan, Chinese new year) and offer membership or free gifts after an expenditure of a certain amount and use in- depth data analysis to capture the needs of the potential customers. 4. The motivation to purchase at the airport The main purpose of visiting a duty free store is to purchase a gift, secondly to browse the store and thirdly to take advantage of airport prices (LOreal resource pack). However, we also asked in our self-conducted survey: what the motivation is Of people to buy cosmetic related products. Results show, that consumers purchase cosmetics in duty free stores mainly for personal use (63%) and secondly as a gift (20%) (Survey Lana ¶me, 2015). However, these results are not fully in alignment with Lana;mes resource pack (201 5), where buying a gift is the number one reason to purchase cosmetics. Several other factors affecting consumer behavior in buying beauty products are: store design, price, brand image, availability and good service, good design/ packaging, innovative features and excellent quality. An advantage for travel retail could be that airport travelers are known to be more receptive to marketing communication messages than the average consumer, as they are effectively stuck in airports in search for entertainment. 5. Competitor analysis of Lana ¶me The Travel Retail operating in the six continent results in a new level of competitors for Lana ¶me. On one hand is the national competition expunged. Nevertheless, the main competitors of Lana ¶me are campaigning all around the world on the same tax-free airport boutiques to attract the same global shoppers. In the upcoming paragraphs we will first discuss the main competitors Lana ¶erne is facing in the travel retail as suggested by Yodels (1999). This is theory is based on original ops marketing of McCarthy. Since we are solely focusing on Travel Retail, the Place will be left out. These are namely the airports worldwide and that was already a selection, for showing competitors. Instead of the place, we will show any special offers/campaigns done in the travel industry. According to our survey we detected the following main competitors for Lana ¶me when focusing on the travel retail business: nearly half of our respondents stated Clique as the main competitor in the market with 46%, followed by Channel (37%) Lana ¶me (31%) and Esteem Lauder (29%) (Lana ¶me survey, 2015). The other competitors mentioned in the survey were Clarions, Shied and Christian Dior. However, in the following researches we discovered that Christian Dior also takes a dominant position in the luxury beauty travel market. Therefore, we decided to focus on four main competitors and also included Christian Dior. We will introduce these competitors, their product, price, promotion and target group in table 1 . Additionally to the competitor analysis, we performed a Porter five forces analysis to identify the main threats in the travel retail industry (Porter, 2008). Looking at Porters five forces for the travel retail industry (figure 1), the travel retail industry looks competitive for Lana ¶me. The main threats are the high existing rivalry (the four dominant competitors mentioned in table 1), high buyer power and a high threat for substitutes. In the travel retail industry, there are many luxury brands offering similar products and services. This makes it hard to differentiate. In addition do the buyers in this industry have the power to easily switch to the competitor. However, incumbents such as NC ¶me and Channel have a competitive advantage compared to new entrants. The level of RD, technology, brand portfolio and distribution/ infrastructure are highly developed for incumbents and therefore hard to compete on for new entrance. Figure 1: Porters five forces (Porter, 2008). 6. SOOT Travel Retail for Lana ¶me Based on the results of our self-conducted survey, our competitor analysis and customer analysis, we made a SOOT-analysis (figure 2). We identified our main strengths pertain to Lana ¶me, namely: (1 ) An innovative product line and (2) high quality, (3) Lana ¶mes trustworthiness and lastly (4) Lana ¶mes cohesive brand image. Firstly, Lana ¶me seems to take advantage of LOreal distribution channels and RD investments, which makes the innovativeness and introduction of new products for the Lana ¶me possible. Secondly, based on our survey results and the results of Lullabies survey (2015), do people have high quality perceptions of the brand Lana ¶me. Additionally, is the brand well established and does it have a strong heritage because Of its 80 years Of existence. This Strong heritage has gained the brand trustworthiness and credibility. Lastly, the associative networks of our self conducted survey and Lullabies survey (2015) look very similar. It seems that people come up with the same associations, when they think of the brand Lana ¶me. Even between men and women there are not many differences in the associative network of Lana ¶me (Appendix. However, this cohesive brand image could also be seen as a weakness for the brand. As the brand primary targets women it is weird that men come up with the same associations and women do not have more unique associations with the rand. One of the major problems could be this last point. The brand Lana ¶me does not evoke many unique associations, which could function as a point of difference in their product category. In addition, does a cohesive brand images makes the brand inflexible (difficult to introduce a product line for men). A general threat in the travel retail industry is terrorism. The 9/11 terrorism attacks caused the travel industry a major drop in passengers. These external factors are beyond the control of any retailer but can have immense influences on sales. In addition can security restrictions cause imitations for beauty travel related products, such as liquid volume or package size. This is also beyond the control of retailers. Another threat could be the rise in demand of organic natural products. However, this could also be an opportunity for Lana ¶me. Another big opportunity for Lana ¶me is the growing luxury goods market in BRICK economies (Chinese, Russian travelers having the highest shopping budget). Lastly, we consider personalization and atomization; such as self-service an opportunity for Lana ¶me to differentiate on. Figure 2: SOOT analysis Of Lana ¶me in the Travel Retail industry Case study 2 7. Brand development plan Lana ¶me I Travel 7. 1 Introduction of Lana ¶me I Travel Fasten your stables and discover Lana ¶me I Travel. The objectives of Lana ¶me I travel are twofold: (1) creating brand awareness by development and visibility of Lana ¶me in the travel retail industry, (2) enhance customer loyalty and recruit new customers by responding to current trends at airports: efficiency, self-service and personalization. 7. 2 Introducing the Lana ¶me Travel experience Taking all the above into consideration, we came up with the following innovative experience: a high end Lana ¶me Travel beauty wall, wrapping all rodents in high quality leather tests with a personal message (see appendix 2 3). The wall will have a very exclusive appearance and has to stand for luxury and high quality, as this is found to be expected of Lana ¶me (Paupers Labile, 2015). This unique wall will entail five different rows of content. The rows within the wall can be divided into: skin care, make-up, fragrances, travel kits and a gift packages. Research by paupers and Labile (2015) pointed out that people strongly associate Lana ¶me with Perfume, make-up and cream/care, for that reason they most definitely had to be incorporated onto the wall. Regarding the skin care, make-up and fragrances the most iconic products will be used; advance genuine (skin care), absolute rouge lipstick and hype ¶SE mascara (regarding make-up) and the La vie est. belle fragrance (see picture below). These products are chosen due to the fact that they are world wide most known and used. In 2009 for example, Genuine won 130 international awards and sold more than 9 million bottles (LOreal online article). For this reason they Will be most likely to satisfy the desires of the global traveler, which Lana ¶me is trying to target. The travel kit of Lana ¶me I Travel will consist of a miniature version of the above-mentioned iconic products, except for the lipstick. In addition there will be several customized Lana ¶me I Travel products: a miniature sewing kit, a nail file, ear plugs, a toothbrush and a sleeping mask and a nail polish, which changes with the seasons (see picture below). The mask will be in black silk with the Lana ¶me travel logo on the front in pearliest white. Furthermore, the Lana ¶me I Travel gift package will consist of a La vie est. belle fragrance, a body lotion and a small passport telling the history of Lana ¶me. The most unique attribute is the personalized leather etude. Every product or package extracted from the wall will be placed into a high quality leather etude (appendix 2). This etude can be personalized by choosing a desired color (four options) and by writing a message in gold on the leather etude through a screen on the machine. After completing the desired color and message, the leather etude will be created and issued within only 5 minutes. Below you can find a suggestion how the machine will look like. The focus will be on the high- end appearance and it would be possible to larger the machine to create the o-called wall.

Acquisition of Northrop Grumman Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Acquisition of Northrop Grumman - Term Paper Example The primary objective of this paper is to recognize the overall structure of the company and whether acquiring it in order to obtain the company’s technological patent rights is a profitable venture or not. This paper has been formed by also considering the long-term future perspectives of the firm. Northrop Grumman was formed in the year 1994, by way of the purchase by Northrop. It is headquartered in Virginia, United States (Northrop Grumman, 2014). Northrop Grumman is one of the largest companies dealing in defense and aerospace technology. The main business sectors of the company are Aerospace systems, Electronic systems, Information systems and Technical services. The core values on which the firm is based on are quality, customer satisfaction, leadership as a company and as individuals, integrity in all actions as well as valuing employees and suppliers as effective members of the firm. Excellence, speed, collaboration and open communication are some of the key elements of behavior observed in this company. The firm gives adequate importance to its corporate responsibilities, ethics and business conduct. It uses advanced technology to deliver the best performance and to provide high-quality service for clients located across the globe. The security solutions provided by Northrop Grumman are highly innovative and is developed keeping in mind the importance of security and freedom for nations worldwide. Delivering such service is considered by them as not only a part of business goals but also a moral responsibility. Such values and philosophies make this company stand tall. Northrop Grumman aims at delivering technology solutions at maximized cost efficiency. They also pay attention towards developing innovative technical solutions for which they have formed an effective team of researchers and scientists who work towards discovering new and effective ways of dealing with aerospace and defense.

Reading and Comprehension of Scientific Writing Coursework

Reading and Comprehension of Scientific Writing - Coursework Example The module â€Å"Evaluating Student’s Understanding of Chemical Bonding† by Tan and Teagrust (1999) is a study that evaluates the understanding of students about the topic Chemical Bonding. The results of the study became a tool for better approach that can be used in the academe to help students understand the topic easily. The main purpose of the context is already given on the title. There are subtitles that reveal the various topics that provide better analysis of the context. Based on the subtitles, it can be seen that the paper is all about the understanding of the topic Chemical Bonding for students learning such as the definition of the problem of the students, the diagnosing treatment and instrument, results of their diagnosis, and lastly the conclusion. The paper â€Å"Evaluating Student’s Understanding of Chemical Bonding† is a paper that evaluates student’s learning capacity through the use of a â€Å"two-tier multiple choice diagnostic instrument†. Accordingly, students encounter problems in understanding the concept. The diagnostic assessment provides an alternative way of teaching student 14-16 years about the topic. As a result, the assessment instrument proves to be an easy to administer tool where students can learn the topic better and easier. The tool uses alternative conception that is summarized in the given Figure (figure 1: The Concept of Chemical Bonding). The Figure serves as a concept map showing the concepts included and their interconnections with each other. It provides better understanding of the topic through the given diagram. Every topic included in the Chemical Bonding context is interconnected with other topic where their relationship was shown through the lines. The second article â€Å"Chemical Bonding† by Thompson and Staley (nd) is a comprehensive paper about the topic chemical bonding. The paper is filled with diagrams for the better understanding of the topic. The subject matter is subdivided

Chapter Guide for Twilight of Atheism Essay Example for Free

Chapter Guide for Twilight of Atheism Essay The classical version of atheism is vastly different than the atheism that is known today. Some consider â€Å"modern atheism† as one of the greatest achievements of human intellect. Immortalization in Greek myths meant â€Å"infinite extension of existence, not the infinite projection of moral qualities† Classical Greek atheism denied â€Å"traditional religion of the Athenian establishment† Protestant reformers wrote against church’s corruption and straying from â€Å"authentic models of the New Testament† Protestantism eventually gained popularity in Western Europe in 1600s -â€Å"Historical origins of modern atheism lie primarily in an extended criticism of the power and status of the church The 18th century was regarded the â€Å"most creative period of atheist experimentation and reflection† Historians date the birth of ‘avowed’ or intentional atheism in Britain to around the year 1782 Credit for the serious advancement of atheism on he eve of the Victorian era is most due to William Godwin. He believed that social vision rested on the assumption of the perfectibility of humanity through reason. Mary Robinson wrote that, â€Å"nature was emancipated from being God’s creation, and became a divinity in its own right. Percy Shelley argued that since compelling evidence for the existence of God is lacking, here is no intellectual obligation to believe in God. However, Shelley never explicitly denies the existence of a God in general. Shelley seems to argue against institutional religion. Mary Ann Evans aka George Eliot, grew up an evangelical, but turned into an atheist because she was of the increasingly dogmatic and impersonal constructs of the Christian faith. Evans/Eliot turned to a religion of human sympathy, she believed that the moral aspects of faith could be maintained without Christianity. A. C. Swinburne was more avant-garde and aggressive in his approach to spreading atheism. He visualized god as a birch-wielding tyrant that oppresses humanity. Swineburne believed that only the rejection of God would open the way to human self-fulfillment. By the middle of the Nineteenth Century Jesus was seen as a moral sage, or as a role model. George Tyrrell was appalled that Jesus was seen as less captivating, but conceded that the Christ was a â€Å"pale reflection† of his biblical self. Chapter 6 Dostoyevsky was a Russian novelist that wrote on a fictional Russia that turned to atheism to solve its problems. While he showed attractive of that choice, he also presented some of its more troubling features. His criticisms were directed more toward the world God supposedly created, more than critiquing God himself. Nietzsche emphasized that the belief in the Christian God became unbelievable. Nietzsche admits that the realization that â€Å"God is dead† will travel slowly because it is just too â€Å"unthinkable†. For nihilism, a religious worldview is oppressive because it insists that we will be held accountable for our actions. In a nihilistic view, there are no sins, because nothing matters in the end. Albert Camus argued that human life is rendered meaningless by death, which prevents the individual from making sense of existence. For Camus death is not to be seen as a realize but as a denial of all of our accomplishments. However Atheism did not materialize as well in the United States. Many thinkers believed that if God was not in heaven, he could be found somewhere else. Chapter 7 â€Å"new atheism† embraces those who question God; people who consider themselves Agnostic. McGrath writes that atheism is not about the suspension of judging whether God exists, he states that true atheism is a firm disbelieve in God. He writes that true atheists view religion as outdated, enslaving, and a self-contradiction. McGrath criticizes the idea that if there was a God, why does he allow suffering, by showing the fact that many of the atrocities committed to humans are caused by other humans the ones that are supposed to be the â€Å"new gods† In the 19th century people were invited to in-vision a world without God, but in the 20th it had already been attempted through the Soviet Union. But by 1980 it was obvious that this had not happened, in seemed to have reversed. John Henry Newman wrote that Christianity was a, â€Å"living organism still in the process of evolving and developing†. Pentecostalism seemed to become very popular in the years after the second World War. Pentecostalism stresses a direct, immediate experience with God, apposed to the more dry forms of worship in Christianity. It also uses a language that allows it to bridge cultural gaps easily. Chapter 8 McGrath believes that Protestantism helped Atheism develop in some way. -Durning the Reformation the distinction between nature and God were widened a bit. The idea that the natural world was not sacred spread amongst popular thinkers. -They believed that even if God did create the world, we could not conceive God through it. They believed that God had to be known indirectly. Protestant reformers suspected that that medieval Catholicism occasionally degenerated into a folk religion of nature. -They believed that God revealed himself through the bible and preaching. He states that Protestantism encouraged the notion that God was absent from human culture and experience. This idea seems to mirror some of the ideas the budding ideas of Atheism. McGrath argues that protestantism took away some of the creativity of religion, which in turn made atheism seem more appealing. Atheism had a view of universality and a notion that it was above the common person. Atheism has always been on the sidelines of American life and perhaps will remain there. Signs of loss of confidence in atheism. â€Å"Sun seems to be setting on an†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœempire of the mind’† Chapter 11 -Future of atheism lies in private belief, not in the public domain it once had. Proved situation specific, not universal, and oppressing and not liberating. -Radical religious change led to tinkering with vocabulary instead of eliminating vices. Atheism confirms this theory. Nietzsche wrote, â€Å"God is dead, as a meaningful reality, but the people had to believe in something else if that was the case†. -Sigmund Freud stated that, â€Å"religion encouraged unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life†. -Growing awareness for spirituality instead. -Religion brings together groups of people such as immigrants, creating communities. -In the US, atheism spawns orga nizations, not communities. -Atheism has not learned from their leader’s mistakes, and needs to grow leaders to fix it Greatest virtue: moral seriousness. But atheism is in a twilight zone at the moment.

The Rise of the Nazi Party Essay -- Nazis Germany Hitler Essays

The Rise of the Nazi Party Hitler’s rise to power was the result of many factors, but Hitler’s ability to take advantage of Germany’s poor leadership and economical and political conditions was the most significant factor. His ability to manipulate the media and the German public whilst taking advantage of Germany’s poor leadership resulted in both the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Hitler and the nazi party. During the early 1920s, Germany was struggling with economic instability and political uncertainty. Germany, after being defeated in the Great War, was forced to sign the unforgiving treaty of Versailles, which the Weimar Republic was held responsible for. This brought forward feelings of fear, anger and insecurity towards the Weimar Republic. Hitler built on these feelings and offered the secure and promising alternative of the extremist nazi party. Although there were many factors that contributed to the rise of Hitler and the collapse of the Weimar republic, Hitler’s ability to build upon people’s frustrated view of the hatred of the treaty of Versailles and the circumstances it placed upon the German nation, was the fundamental reason for Hitler’s rise to power and the Weimar Republic to collapse The Treaty of Versailles, signed by the Weimar Republic at the conclusion of WW1, introduced economic insatiability and caused a profusion of hardship. The idea of resorting to an extremist group promising better alternatives became an attractive option to many Germans. The Treaty of Versailles’ vindictive terms and unreasonable reparations (6,600,000,000 pounds) resulted in undesired economic circumstances. Unemployment rose to 25%, no less than fifty percent of school children were undernourished and annual meat consumption fell from 52kg to 26kg per person. In general, the German standard of living decreased dramatically. The terms of the hated treaty angered and frustrated people. Hitler, intensely detesting the November criminals1, promised to build a back powerful nation, the German public, in a state of disillusionment, responded positively to this claim and began to support the Nazi Party. Hitler’s ability to take advantage of the Treaty of Versalles and the har dship that it brought to the German nation contributed to Hitler’s rise to power and the collapse of the Weimar Republic. The instability of the newly for... ... with other factors, lured many Germans in to believing in the nazi ideals and supporting the Nazi party whilst stirring up a hatred of the current Weimar Republic. With a combination of poor leadership on the Weimar Government’s behalf, the signing of the hated Treaty of Versailles and an unattractive economic situation, Hitler, using his charismatic personality, was able to convince the majority of the public to resort to the extremist nazi party. There are many other factors that influenced the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Nazism; In every case, however, Hitler’s manipulative skills and sophisticated behavior towards circumstances lead to the success of the Nazi Party. By successfully manipulating the above set of circumstances, Hitler was able to cause to the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazi Party. 1The November criminals. Hitler nicknamed the Weimar Republic this as he saw them as being responsible for signing the hated tTreaty of Versalles. Resources Problems and issues in modern history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   J. Simpson et al Booklets handed out in class Encyclopedia of Britinica Various internet sites

Investigating the Aesthetical and Functional Qualities of Contemporary Chalet Interiors

‘Investigating the aesthetical and functional qualities of the modern-day chalet insides and their rise, from the low mountain hut beginnings’ This essay is intended to thoroughly look into the insides of mountain chalets, chiefly comparing the current epicurean skiing chalets to the early mountain huts. Whether these chalets are used for skiing intents or non, chalets may besides be found beside the seaboard. Thankss to modern agencies of conveyance and assembly techniques, chalets are besides being made in a portable mode. Another of import factor is that the celebrated chalets aren’t entirely the lone wooden huts there were at the clip, nevertheless something similar was go oning at the same time in the U.S. The communal may undervalue the power of chalets presents, therefore they are taken for granted, due to being commercialised as the ultimate topographic point to see, due to epicurean high-end insides which are without a uncertainty eye-catching. What is being emphasised in this essay is, what if there is something even deeper than interior decorator armchairs or such pieces of furniture? Besides tackled in this essay, will be Swiss traditions and a close expression into whether they are still being incorporated in these insides or non. Pushing aside these traditions would impact the manner the chalet insides are known for. Other of import factors of chalets are evidently the wood used, has the stuffs changed therefore being improved or are the same traditional stuffs being used because they were and are still supreme in quality? The term ‘Chalet’ originated from the Alp part in Europe, and still at this really twenty-four hours it is called so. In the early yearss, these crude chalets besides known as huts, used to house non merely one household but besides several households and were really limited in size. The really beginning of these huts was as utile agencies of safety for their animate beings, such as cowss and the farmer’s nutriment of nutrient and drink. These were besides most popular in the warmer months, where the husbandmans used to travel upward on the mountains to crowd their cowss. In these chalets the husbandmans used to populate in the hut with their animate beings and bring forth milk and cheese for the proceeding months. Way back, in the winter months these huts weren’t used much, as opposed to presents. Besides holding these chalets, some husbandmans besides had similar huts called ‘mazots’ , which were smaller and didn’t have any Windowss. T hese ‘mazots’ were used to hive away and lock cherished properties. Harmonizing to William S. B. Dana ( 1913 ) , ‘ [ degree Fahrenheit ] or the wood for building his place, the builder, if he is hapless, petitions aid from his local authorities. [ †¦ ] The lumber holding been selected, the friends and neighbors assist the home- shaper in his work, ’ with this statement Dana is depicting how the Alpine community used to work and how close knit they were. This furthermore reflected in the manner they decorated their houses in a cozy manner and were self sustainable in being able to construct their ain houses. These communities owned their ain woods therefore the stuffs for edifice houses were supplied from at that place. Another of import fact was the stuffs used. The chief stuff is wood ; this is still today associated with modern-day mountain chalets and plays a immense portion in the edifice of and decor of these insides. Kylloe’s ( 2006 ) facts coincide with those of Dana ( 1913 ) as he states that ‘Log cabins were th e preferable place of the innovators for several grounds. One, they were easy to construct. Trees were everyplace†¦ ’ this was mentioning to the U.S. Since Chalets are associated with Switzerland one can non neglect to retrieve that these wooden huts aren’t entirely in Europe but have besides been in being in North America called log places. On this note Ralph Kylloe ( 2006 ) points out that ‘ [ T ] here is another misconception sing log places that should be addressed. The first Europeans that arrived on our shores ( U.S ) did non construct log cabins. Most of the really early constructions erected, were atrocious hovels that rapidly fell apart, collapsible shelters or other transeunt constructions that did small to insulate and protect recent reachings from Europe.’ Later on due to development as researched by Dana ( 1913 ) , ‘Geneva is a celebrated place of chalet industry and design. From itsfabriques, chalets of all mode of forms and sizes are sent Forth into the universe to go summer houses, mountain trail route Stationss, brooding, hotels, etc.’ Dana specifically points out that in America t hey have different methods of building therefore holding with Kylloe ( 2006 ) . In Geneva they build the full chalet spot by spot, when done they knock it down and direct it to where it is to be placed for good, holding said that the proprietors can easy level it and take it anyplace else if need be, where as in the U.S. the whole edifice procedure is done on site. When it comes to the insides of Swiss chalets Dana ( 1913 ) states that ‘ , the entryway being by and large at the side, though on occasion at the rear – about ne'er at the front.’ Which is non the instance in the U.S. since Kylloe ( 2006 ) states that the ‘front door’ , even supported with an image was made of lasting wood slabs and opened towards the inside. One thing in common both in Europe and in the U.S. as stated by Kyloe ( 2006 ) was that ‘ [ T ] he hearth was the bosom of the home.’ Traditional Chalets are all the fury when it comes to Swiss mountain climbers. The chief characteristic found in chalets all over the universe is without a uncertainty ; wood. This of import stuff is what makes a mountain chalet traditional. Recently stated by Vabec ( 2013 ) in his article, wood blends really good with hearths which are made of rock and the furred sheets that drape quietly on the couch. In general wood is a rather a warm stuff, it creates warmth even to the coolest toned houses, so it comes to no surprise that each and every traditional chalet is covered with this well loved stuff. Shown in the ceilings, floors, kitchens, hearths, beds etc, one can rest assured to happen touches of wood or a great trade of it, in mountain chalets. On this same note, non merely the traditional chalets made usage of wood, but it is besides being used in chalets being built and furnished presents. Mc Culloch ( n.d. ) in his article explains, how Gilly ( the interior decorator of Chalet Dargan, Switzerland ) calls these insides ‘ [ m ] odern Alpine’ . This statement translated clearly through his work, where he used many stuffs including untreated wood. The usage of untreated wood was entirely to keep the consistence with the outside of the chalet Dargan, where the celebrated Verbier Ski Reach was situated right exterior. The designer of this esteemed chalet made usage of pine which Mc Culloch ( n.d. ) goes on about how ‘in a modern-day turn, the boards cladding the walls were laid horizontally instead than vertically.’ ‘It is of import to utilize local stuffs wherever possible. Along with all the old-timers we found, this adds to the chalet’s genuineness as you get the history of the part merely from what you find inside it. Reproductions don’t give a topographic point that sense of ambiance or depth.’ Burt ( 2013 ) Adding to this statement she antecedently goes on about how ‘ [ T ] raditional chalets can be rather littered, but we wanted a really simple infinite that still felt reliable. The tabular array and chairs are masters, once more sourced locally, and because they are mis-matched you get a welcoming feel instead than something excessively formal.’ An inside can be refined and enhanced by utilizing local traditional stuffs as Rus, ( 2013 ) agrees with Burt’s old statement and continues by stating that refinement and heightening a chalet by agencies of low local stuffs is the manner to travel. She returns by adverting several stuffs used when ad orning traditional chalets, some of which include ; ‘flat- textured frontier rock, repurposed corral boards, century- old hand- hewn beams and moss rock’ . Rus, ( 2013 ) concludes by citing Markham Roberts ( interior interior decorator ) where he says ‘ [ tungsten ] ith stupefying mountain positions and great skiing to bask, who needs a tricked-out place theater? ’ Stating otherwise is Burt ( 2013 ) where she says that the client wanted something loony, therefore the room took a dramatic turn compared to the traditional and minimal art found in the other suites. Animal caput visible radiations were used to maintain the traditional facet alive, nevertheless instead than couch ; since they would hold been excessively rigorous they opted for whiffs, which can be moved about effortlessly. The remainder of the house was rather impersonal so in this room they pulled all the Michigans and went for a dad of coloring material, go forthing the remainder of the house igniter looking. Patrick Lecoq, a celebrated carpenter fitter, voices his sentiment in an article by Armendine ( 2013 ) where he says that ‘the chalet manner I like, less ‘heavy’ and loaded than the traditional manner, which I sometimes criticized for holding ‘too much’ wood. The living country is big, full of light and clear.’ He moreover goes on about how he prefers to paint wooden walls in white to give it a cleaner expression and besides to do a room expression bigger. Lecoq is non the lone Alpine expert who diverges from traditions, Nicky Dobree besides doesn’t like to over jumble with wood, and her manner is ‘classic contemporary’ . ‘Nicky’s version of skiing luxury is cool and classy instead than technicolour and flash. Her main beginning for the chalet was Christian Liaigre, the Gallic designer’ . ( Redhead, 2005 ) Having said that intimations of tradition are still seen in her work, but she prefers to writhe them in her ain manner. ‘Aside from the chromium steel steel and leather front door grip, Moudon’s log- cabin looks provide no intimation of the gilded modernness within. But beyond the rough- and- ready porch is a five-bedroom ski chalet. And it’s pure James Bond with its woolen throws, fox pelts, cowskin and the boom log fire [ †¦ ] the sweat room, the hot bath, mod cons and Gaggenau.’ ( Redhead, 2005 ) Another interesting fact about Dobree, is as Rich ( 2013, p.79 ) says that ‘Dobree utilizations warm Earth tones and sophisticated natural stuffs, such as pelts, leather, and rock. This interior decorator besides refashions typical design elements of the Alpine chalet: [ †¦ ] screens armchairs and Ottomans with animate being hides.’ Besides being born and raised in Britain meant that Dobree was non from the Alps part ; nevertheless she channels her loyal British side by doing usage of tartan cloths. ‘Dobree blends the dignified pol ish of a British parlour with the appeal of a countrified mountain chalet.’ ( Rich, 2013, p.79 ) When it comes to color pallets both Mc Culloch ( n.d. , p.167 ) and Burt ( 2013 ) province, that when doing usage of impersonal tones in these chalet insides, alternatively of adding a touch of coloring material they maintain a steady coloring material strategy, in most instances impersonal and they adjust things by indulging different textured beds, and therefore soft colorss flow into each other. Another rule for them is to present forms alongside these textures. Many Alpine insides as farther mentioned by Mc Culloch ( n.d. , p.167 ) usage ‘ [ degree Fahrenheit ] abrics by Mulberry, Casamance and Moon [ †¦ ] layered with field coloured linens to give textural heat [ †¦ ] Given that you’ve got so many difficult surfaces, you truly necessitate the cloths to soften the place.’ Another of import factor, which makes today’s chalets comforting and inviting goes down to the lighting used. As stated by Burt ( 2013 ) , the visible radiation used ( instance in point a crystal pendant ) , adds a modern-day feel, without being excessively strong. Bedside lamps or any other lamps, add cozy pools of illuming where it is needed elsewhere. Besides electricity illuming a immense visible radiation beginning for these chalets is natural visible radiation. Most of today’s chalets are surrounded by Windowss, most of them being immense glass panels replacing opaque walls. This is down to the user being in harmoniousness with nature instead than being wholly excluded. This natural visible radiation beginning adds heat to the room, doing it experience more homely and delighting. Nowadays the traditional animate being horns over the hearth, are still being used nevertheless, they are given a intent. As Burt ( 2013 ) references in her article, in the place film she made usage of carnal caputs as a beginning of illuming. This kept in sync with the chalet traditions even though the remainder of the room was far from traditional. Another interior decorator that uses a similar scheme is Nicky Dobree, who is good known for her upscale mountain chalet redevelopments. As Rich ( 2013, p. 79 ) references, Dobree ‘creates pendants out of runing trophies’ . Chiefly built in 1941, Chesa Nova is found in the bosom of St. Moritz, Switzerland. In the class of these last few old ages, legion redevelopments and add-ons were made to this chalet. Family members have late altered the construction to do it more modern-day and to furthermore do them experience more at easiness. Certain traditional constructions were left untasted, which include the ceilings which were made of Swiss rock pine. This pine is besides known as the ‘Queen of the Alps’ because it is found in the highest clime conditions of the Alps. The aroma of the wood stated antecedently is said to hold healthy effects for people’s well- being ( Rich, 2013, p.127 ) . Coinciding with what Rus ( 2013 ) antecedently stated, Rich ( 2013, p.127 ) indicates, ‘During the undertaking, Stamm combined antique elements made of rock and wood with carnal pelts and felt upholstery materials’ . A figure of modern-day chalets preserve their natural traditional facet while presenting different manners to add something excess to give that belly laugh factor. As indicated by Rich ( 2013, p.118 ) Chesa Cresta in St. Moritz, Switzerland where one can happen traditional wood constructions, but a great trade of this chalet revolves around the Baroque manner, as Rich said herself ‘ The ornaments are rather Baroque: sophisticated velvets, flowered designs, old landscape pictures, and curtains having artistic embroidery.’ ( 2013, p.118 ) Both Turrentine ( 2010 ) and Rich ( 2013, p.142 ) have the same sentiment and point out that some chalets make usage of ‘White or red- painted walls form the ideal background for pictures from Russian daring motion and Graubunden old-timers. The trappingss reflect the clip in which the construction was built and include pieces from the Bauhaus, De Stijl, and the Wiener Werkstatte motions every bit good as a aggregation from Gerrit R ietvelt.’ ( Rich, 2013, p.142 ) ‘‘We didn’t want to make an exact transcript of an Arts and Crafts interior, ’’ says Botero, ‘‘but we were decidedly influenced by that style- its spirit of detailing, and particularly its vocabulary of wood.’’ ( Turrentine 2010 ) Epicurean chalets are clearly outstanding presents, Bibliography: Dawson, L. , 2014. History of the Huts.History of the Huts. [ ONLINE ] Available through: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.huts.org/The_Huts/hut_history.html. [ Accessed 04 May 2014 ] . Lee, L. , Chalets are excessively epicurean – Telegraph. 2013.Chalets are excessively epicurean – Telegraph. [ ONLINE ] Available through: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/snowandski/features/10404223/Chalets-are-too-luxurious.html. [ Accessed 01 May 2014 ] . Mc Culloch, A.,2014. Summit Special. Homes and Interiors Scotland, Available through: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chaletdargan.com/Site/Welcome_files/Chalet_Home % 26Interiors.pdf [ Accessed 04 May 2014 ] Ralph Kylloe, 2011.Countrified Home. Edition. Gibbs Smith. Rich, G. , 2012.Populating in Style Mountain Chalets ( English, German and Gallic Edition ). Mul Edition. teNeues. William S B Dana, 2012.Swiss Chalet Book: An Elegant Guide to Architecture and Design. 1 Edition. Skyhorse Publication.

Place-Names: Its Cultural Significance Among the Western Apache Essay

Between 1979 and 1984, Professor Keith Basso of he University of New Mexico conducted a study of Apache places and place-names. Specifically, this stud focused on the ways in which the Apache refer to their land, the legends behind these places, and the ways in which these place-names are used in everyday conversation. Basso’s ethnography can be considered as an attempt to correlate social landscape with culture. Basso attempted to examine the effects of landscape to the everyday social interaction of Apache men and women. The Western Apache construction of history is a ‘worn trail’ created by the tribe’s first ancestors. It was also the same path that several generations of Apache undertook. It was in these places that ‘special events’ took place. The ancestors gave names to landscapes based on the events that happened there. These place-names were passed down from one generation to another to serve as a bridge between the Apache and their ancestors. It was in every sense, a memorial of the past, a dedication to the ancestors. Even if the landscape changed, its name remained alive in Apache culture. Basso then examined the specifics of the language used by the Apache to refer to place-names. Basso found that the Apache usually manipulated language (with regard to place-names) in order to elicit acceptable behavior and moralistic values from the members of the tribe. It can be said that the creation of place-names tales was generally moralistic in nature. It was intended to influence patterns of social collectivity. Its purpose was multi-faceted: 1) to provide enlightenment, 2) to criticize, and 3) to warn. The general implied purpose of place-names was to promote the general interest and unity of the Apache tribe. This is the reason why place-names remained a central force in Apache cultural life. As in every tribe, a historical tale is intended to create a critical and remedial response to specific situations, mostly on the individual level. An individual ho committed crime would have to be judged based on its implied offense to the historical value of place-names. The Apache examined whether such offense created a gap between the individual and the place-names. The landscape, therefore, served as the moral guide of the Apache. It generally outlined the dos and don’ts of an ethical and moral living. It was in every sense, the Apache view of moral life (a reference to ancestral events that occurred in specific places). The place-names when spoken evoked moral truths. Those who spoke it must know its essence. By judging it to be morally relevant, an Apache was expected to proclaim it from the heart. The process of knowing the truth must be silent and critical. One need not study it. Only an invocation from the heart would provide images of the truth and serve as an infallible guide to moral life. This â€Å"evoking of images† provided a direct form of criticism or advice without so much linguistic references. Thus, it can be said that the value of place-names to Apache life is both direct and indirect. It is direct because it served as a guide to the ideal life. It is indirect because the individual understood it from the heart. It was, in every sense, a bridge not only between the individual and the past, but also between the individual and the society. For example, the place-names of ‘great dog mountain’, ‘pillar of fire’, and ‘hill of discontent’ provided the means by which the individual may connect to the past. The anchorage of his actions could not be independent of the ‘will’ of these places, since these places are the only ones which give meaning to life. For an Apache, the ‘pillar of fire’ signified the foundation of life and the solitude of existence. The Apache mind rested on the edifice of these place-names both as a testimony to the greatness of their ancestors as well as the worth of its society. Reference Basso, Keith. 1996. Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.

3 Errors in Using Parentheses

3 Errors in Using Parentheses 3 Errors in Using Parentheses 3 Errors in Using Parentheses By Mark Nichol Parenthetical marks can cause difficulties for writers- and, as a result, for readers. In each of the following examples, parentheses are misused; discussion and revision of each sentence follow. 1. The act brings the United Kingdom into line with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) recommendations in dealing with bribery and corruption. One writing convention is to insert an acronym or initialism of a term in parentheses after that term is introduced, after which the abbreviation, rather than the full term, is used in subsequent references. However, it is awkward to introduce a term in this manner when it appears in possessive form, with an apostrophe followed by s. In such cases, it is best to replace the possessive form with a prepositional phrase so that the parenthesis immediately follows the term itself: â€Å"The act brings the United Kingdom into line with the recommendations of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in dealing with bribery and corruption.† 2. Moving tangible and nontangible (for example, data files and intellectual property) assets is an option. Again, a parenthesis that provides more information should immediately follow the relevant word or phrase; in this case, the parenthetical refers not to â€Å"tangible and nontangible† but to assets: â€Å"Moving tangible and nontangible assets (for example, data files and intellectual property) is an option.† 3. This work does not cover all aspects of IT integration (those are laid out in a detailed IT integration plan that will take months to complete while parallel IT environments are operated). This treatment of a parenthesis is not strictly wrong, but when the parenthesis consists of a complete sentence, it is clearer to treat it as such, with the first letter of the first word capitalized and with a period preceding the close parenthesis mark (and terminal punctuation following the preceding sentence): â€Å"This work does not cover all aspects of IT integration. (Those are laid out in a detailed IT integration plan that will take months to complete while parallel IT environments are operated.)† If, however, a complete sentence in parentheses falls within another sentence, leave the first letter of the first word lowercase and omit the period. (Exception: A question mark or exclamation point at the end of the wording in parentheses should be retained regardless of where the parenthesis falls.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good WithTen Yiddish Expressions You Should KnowOne "L" or Two?

Embarrassing Moments While Learning Spanish

Embarrassing Moments While Learning Spanish Making mistakes comes with the territory of learning a foreign language. Most mistakes are benign, but when you make those mistakes in a different country or culture, some of them can be downright embarrassing. A forum that used to be part of this site featured a discussion on embarrassing moments in learning the language. Here are a few of the responses. Arbolito: While living in Madrid while getting my Masters degree, I went to the mercado, specifically to where they sold poultry. I very politely asked for two pechos. I had learned that pechos was the word for breast. Little did I know that there was a different word for chicken breasts, pechuga. So there I was, asking the man for 2 human breasts! And I also used the word coger in Argentina, even though I have known forever that it is an obscenity there. But in other places, it is just a common way to say to take. So I asked someone where I could coger el autobà ºs! Apodemus: On a Spanish course in Salamanca I met a Belgian girl. I asked her, in Spanish of course, whether she spoke Dutch or French. Her response was: En la oficina, hablo holandà ©s, pero en la cama hablo francà ©s. Suddenly the whole room was looking at her, she went bright red and stuttered En la casa, dije en la casa!! Rocer: In Chile, cabrito young kid, but in Peru, cabrito gay (or is it the other way around?) A friend of mine from the U.S. was in Chile, and he learned the word cabrito. People called him cabrito because he was young. He liked the word cabrito, so he called himself cabrito. Then he traveled to Peru, and some people asked him why he didnt get married with a Peruvian girl, he said Es que yo soy muy cabrito (he wanted to say the thing is that Im very young, and he ended up saying the thing is that Im very gay). People just looked at him very weird, and laughed at him. Later on, he returned to Chile, where people laughed like crazy when he told them his story. Hermanito: Lo siguiente no me pasà ³ a mà ­ sino a una amiga mà ­a, quien apenas comenzaba a aprender espaà ±ol. Esta entro a una tiendita mexicana y le preguntà ³ al dueà ±o si tenà ­a huevos, sin saber el sentido alternativo de la palabra. (The word huevos, which means eggs, is also a slang term for testicles.) El Tejano: In Mexico, ladies never order eggs - they always say blancos. Glenda: I have three stories. The first is from a friend here in San Miguel, who after eating a delicious meal, wanted to compliment the cook. She said, Compliments to the cocino. Cocino means a fat pig. She should have said compliments to the cocinero. Then, there is this story, from our local newspaper. A moderately experienced horsewoman comes to Mexico and is taking riding lessons from a Mexican male teacher. He doesnt realize how experienced she is, so he wants her to keep the horse roped. She is frustrated but complies and keeps a rope on the horse throughout her lesson. They are talking in Spanish about the next days lesson, making arrangements, and she finishes the conversation by saying, Sà ­, est bien ... pero maà ±ana, sin ropa. And finally, from my own experience. A local waiter in a restaurant we like is also an artist. My husband and I saw his work displayed in the restaurant and decided to buy it. He was overjoyed, and in return offered to pay for the slice of cake we had ordered for dessert - a very sweet gesture. At the end of the meal, I said, Gracias por la pastilla (the pill) instead of el pastel (the cake). I am sure that there have been many more embarrassing moments which I have caused ... but probably people here were so polite I never even knew. El Tejano: Twenty odd years ago, I was in a shoe store in Mexico buying a new pair of shoes. My Spanish was a lot worse than it is now and I couldnt remember the word for size. So I looked size up in my wimp dictionary (always a very risky practice) and the first entry was tamaà ±o. So I told the young lady that my tamaà ±o was 9. She was very young and I was about 50, and I heard her mutter, barely audibly under her breath, rabo verde. If you dont get it, Ill leave the details to someone else, otherwise youll be calling me rabo verde too. Heres another: Im a retired painting contractor from Houston and we had a big commercial job down in the Rio Grande Valley, which is indistinguishable from Mexico itself. A gringo painter on our crew wanted to ask an attractive chica who worked at the Wal-Mart in Carrizo Springs to have lunch with him. We told him to say, Seà ±orita, es posible que quisieras comer conmigo? But he got confused and substituted cojer for comer. The results were predictable! Spanish Expert:  One that comes to mind happened many years ago during a trip to Mexico when I needed to buy a razor. Not knowing the word for razor, I went in a small store and asked for algo para aceitar and got only strange looks. Sign language came in handy, and Im sure that they then figured out the word I meant. I had used the verb for to oil (aceitar) instead of the verb for to shave (afeitar). I didnt realize what I had said until later that evening. I traveled to Peru a few years ago with a then-teenage son, and he wanted to try using his minimal Spanish at an outdoor market. He decided to buy an alpaca blanket and asked how much it cost - quince soles was the answer, about $5 U.S. at the time. He thought that was a good deal, and promptly pulled cincuenta soles (about $18) from his wallet. He would have paid it if I hadnt caught his mistake. In order to save himself the embarrassment of handing the vendor way too much money, he decided the price was one he couldnt pass up and promptly decided to buy two instead. Donna B: We had cooked a turkey dinner for a Mexican exchange student, and my son, who was learning Spanish, told him we were having polvo for dinner instead of pavo. Our exchange student gave him a horrified look and refused to come down for dinner. We later realized he had told the exchange student we were having dust for dinner instead of turkey for dinner. TML: The first time I went to Madrid I was asked to go to the supermercado and buy some chicken (pollo). Well, I got a little tongue-tied and instead of asking the man for pollo, I asked for a specific part of his anatomy. Talk about an embarrassing moment! He finally figured out what I was asking for and I went home with some real chicken parts! The family I was staying with almost wet their pants laughing. I have since been back to Madrid 8 times and have learned a very important lesson ... We are the ones who put the burden on ourselves. Every person I met really wanted me to succeed, and they were extremely helpful. They didnt try to make me feel stupid - but were more touched by my desire to communicate with them - even in lieu of my grammatical errors. Lessons learned: If you are afraid to make mistakes, you will not learn. Years down the road you will have some funny and often wonderful memories of people you met and how you each helped one another out. Lily Su: I was looking up the word dulce in my excellent dictionary (which lists lots of ways to use words and phrases) wanting to see if it was used to say things like, oh thank you, that was sweet of you, etc., and not just that you preferred sweet desserts, for example. I was reading along and ran across the word boniato (sweet potato). I must not have been reading very carefully because I somehow got the idea that you could call someone a boniato as a term of endearment (maybe like we call someone sweetie). So I went around saying, hola, mi boniato to many of my Spanish friends, only one of which finally corrected me. It still cracks us all up when we remember that! Also heard about an American priest who commented at the Spanish mass that he loved los calzones bonitos (calzones is underpants) when he meant to say las canciones bonitas (the beautiful songs)! Patty: I was shopping for groceries in Los Angeles with a Spanish-speaking friend, and in attempt to help her choose her orange juice I asked her (in Spanish) if she wanted the one with pulp or without. It turned out to be one of those occasions that guessing at the word by adding an o at the end didnt work. Pulpo means octopus. Fortunately, I was close enough; the word is pulpa, so she was able to guess what I meant. AuPhinger: The phrase y pico was commonly used to mean and a little, or a little bit, as in ochenta pesos y pico for a little over eighty pesos. One of the fellows in my fathers office transferred to, if I remember correctly, Chile. He used the phrase - for a short while! Until one of the guys in the office pulled him aside and informed him that there, y pico meant a little bit of only one thing! Liza Joy: Once in a university night class I was teaching, a recently divorced middle-aged student decided to use the Spanish she learned in my class on a trip to Mexico. She wanted to get away from the tourist route and so went to a restaurant where no one appeared to speak English. She managed to order a delicious meal, but when it came time to ask for the bill, all she could think of to say was how much, which she translated literally as como mucho which means I eat a lot, instead of the correct cunto. This rather plump lady told me that she kept pointing at her dish and saying como mucho to the waiter, who looked embarrassed and kept saying, No, seà ±ora, usted no come mucho. Finally, she took out her credit card, and he suddenly understood. She didnt understand what the problem was until she got back to class after Easter break. Moral: Learn your question words! Russell: This didnt actually happen to me, but a colleague of mine told me this story that happened to her. She was working in South America with the Peace Corps. She was cleaning up some area among a group of a mixture of Peace Corps folks and natives. At some point, she looked around and found that everyone had left except one local man. Being friendly, she thought shed ask his name. She intended to say,  ¿Cà ³mo te llamas? but it came at comoteyamo, which meant he heard, Cà ³mo te amo (How I love you!). Not surprisingly, the man got a surprised look on his face and did the only logical thing. He ran away. Sierra Jenkins: I worked at an international center for Girl Scouts in Cuernavaca, Mexico, that hosted girls from around the world for two-week sessions. One of my co-workers was from England and didnt speak a lick of Spanish and was terribly worried about offending someone, but I finally talked her into trying out a bit. We went over to chat with a few girls from Argentina and my friend said, Id like to ask her how old she is. I told her to say,  ¿Cuntos aà ±os tienes? and she turned to the girl and said,  ¿Cuntos anos tienes? The girl busted a gut and replied, Solo uno,  ¡pero funciona muy bien! Needless to say, I never got my friend to speak Spanish again. Bamulum: When my wife (nicaragà ºense) and I (Tennesseean) married, we kept an English-Spanish dictionary between us at all times. It was only a short amount of time that I had learned just enough Spanish to get myself into trouble. I had been sick for a few days but had gotten a lot better. When asked by my mother-in-law how I was feeling, I responded by saying mucho mujeres instead of mucho mejor, and of course received quite a stern look from my suegra! Note: Most of the comments above have been edited for brevity, context and, in some cases, content, spelling or grammar. You can find the original discussion here.

Motivation and Management (Argentina Suites) Essay

Motivation and Management (Argentina Suites) - Essay Example ew of the case indicates that the primary cultural and social institutional challenges/problems confronting Argentina Suites is the absence of an organisational culture, as would promote both organisational commitment and ethical behaviors among employees, and a leadership vacuum. Arguing that Argentina Suites’ problem primarily stems from the absence, or nature of its organisational culture, necessitates the definition of the latter and an explanation of its importance. The concept of organizational culture is of singular importance within organizational framework, insofar as it embraces and articulates specific organization’s unique set of ethos. That ethos is the primary force shaping and directing the level of formality operative within an organization; the degree of loyalty employees exhibit towards it; and the ethical standards and behavioural norms that supposedly guide the actions of employees. Indeed, as MacMohan and Harvey (2007) contend, an organization’s culture simultaneously functions as the foundations upon which employees base their behavior and the environment within which organisational commitment and loyalty are born. As such, it is the framework within which an organisation’s social and institutional characteris tics are defined and, accordingly, can function to either motivate organisational success or determine failure (MacMohan and Harvey, 2007). In direct reference to Argentina Suites, the absence of an organisational culture is evident in the behavior of employees. Irrespective of the fact that the majority cannot seem to articulate the requirements and responsibilities of their job, the fact is that they do not even adhere to those responsibilities which they know to be an integral part of their job description. Hence, the front of the hotel is often left unattended and employees regularly leave their posts. Added to that, employee behaviors and decisions have, on occasions, been incontrovertibly unethical and have, as

Understanding the class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Understanding the class - Essay Example I prepared a few questions which I anticipated to be asked by the instructor so as to be o track during the class session. I tried as much to resist any distractions. I did this by sitting in a position of class where disruptive classmates are away from. I always put myself in the learning mood, focused on the instructor. I listened actively and took short notes in order for me to comprehend more. During the course of the semester, I shifted my position quite often for to remain alert during class time and tried not to distract myself by use of a phone or talking to my neighbor. During the class sessions, I learned that love involves feelings and emotions. It is a powerful affection of which makes one to be happy and show contentment. Knowing happiness means feeling cheerful and contentment in a manner that one feels satisfied. Love also is a form of human compassions and kindness. This explains how through it, we can feel the fullness of life. Love as a noun describes something adorable. Love as noun means that it is adoring feeling of deep affection between two people. It refers to another person as a beloved person involving desire. It can be something liked or showing affectionate concern toward others. Love as a verb is an action. This means that love expressing love towards another person or something. The action of showing love or showing affection explains love as a verb. As a verb, love can be used within the context of action whereby two people are involved in kissing or embracing each other. By attending class sessions, I understood that sexual identity is important for the development of an individual in terms of self-esteem and one’s self confidence. Sexual identity gives a person an opportunity to understand who they are and who they are sexually attracted to. Personal identity is defined by sexual identity of an individual. The two go hand in hand in that personal